Phase transitions, nitrobenzene-water

The phase transition was induced by Ca and Mg in the case of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylserine to form a condensed monolayer at the nitrobenzene-water interface, which was stable throughout the potential window. The capacitance in the presence of the condensed monolayer was as low as 1.5 pF cm [101]. The phase transitions from the expanded to the condensed monolayer accompanied the concomitant decrease in the rate of ion transfer but even the condensed monolayers were unable to block it completely [100, 101]. 

At the nitrobenzene-water interface a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine monolayer undergoes the phase transition at 13 °C, while at the air-water interface the phase transition temperature is 43 °C. This difference demonstrates weaker lateral interaction between phospholipid side chains at the nitrobenzene-water interface and suggests the penetration of nitrobenzene molecules in the hydrocarbon chain part of the monolayer (Fig. 9) [99, 100]. 

In the pioneering study, Koryta et al. [94] found that the rate of the facilitated Na" ion transfer across the water-nitrobenzene interface in the presence of dibenzo-18-crown-6 is decelerated by adsorbed egg lecithin molecules, but only when the temperature is lower than 5 °C. Since the change in the ion transfer rate has been thought to be due to the phase transition of phospholipid, which normally occurs at a higher... 

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