Phase Transition of Graphite to Concentric Shell Carbon

Phase Transition of Graphite to Concentric Shell Carbon 

Thus far, four mechanisms for the formation of concentric shell carbon particles as zero-dimensional carbon allotropes have been proposed. The first mechanism is the formation of a corannulene carbon framework followed by a spiral-shell growth [48], The second mechanism is that the regular concentric arrangements of carbon layers in the onion-like carbon sphere occur through the solidification process of a carbon droplet under ultrafast condensation [49], The third mechanism is due to a solid — quasi-liquid — solid process that is, reorganization of soot-containing tubular and polyhedral graphitic particles by 

Judging from the above results, it was presumed that the spherical carbon particles at the initial stage were formed by curling of multiple graphitic sheets developed by condensation of carbon vapor and further increase in the particle size proceeded as a result of epitaxy. 

Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Vol. 25 (ed. P.A. Thrower), Marcel Dekker, 

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Phase Transition of Graphite to Concentric Shell Carbon. 134... 

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