Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The metabolic activity of other white-rot fungi including Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreacus has been discussed in the context of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. For example, the mineralization potential of the manganese peroxide system fmmNematolomafrowardii for a number of substrates has been demonstrated (Hofrichter et al. 1998) the formation of CO2 from labeled substrates ranged from 7% (pyrene) to 36% (pentachlorophenol), 42% (2-amino-4, 6-dinitrotoluene), and 49% (catechol). 

Bnmpus JA (1989) Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 55 154-158. 

Bnmpus JA, SD Aust (1987) Biodegradation of DDT [l,Ll-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane] by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 53 2001-2008. 

Eaton DC (1985) Mineralization of polychlorinated biphenyls by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a lignolytic fungus. Enzyme Microbiol Technol 7 194-196. 

Kennedy DW, SD Aust, JA Bumpus (1990) Comparative biodegradation of aUcyl halide insecticides by the white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (BKM-F-1767). Appl Environ Microbiol 56 2347-2353. Khanna P, B Rajkumar, N Jothikumar (1992) Anoxygenic degradation of aromatic substances by Rhodopseu-domonas palustris. Curr Microbiol 25 63-67. 

Mileski G, JA Bumpus, MA Jurek, SD Aust (1988) Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol by the white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 54 2885-2889. 

Servent D, C Ducrorq, Y Henry, A Guissani, M Lenfant (1991) Nitroglycerin metabolism by Phanerochaete chrysosporium evidence for nitric oxide and nitrite formation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1074 320-325. 

Valli K, BJ Brock, DK Joshi, MH Gold (1992a) Degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 221-228. 

Valli K, H Wariishi, MH Gold (1992b) Degradation of 2,7-dichlorodibenzo- -dioxin by the lignin-degrading hasidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Bacteriol 174 2131-2137. 

Reed Canary Grass Phalaris arundinacea) was grown in liquid culture and exposed to RDX that was metabolized to the potentially toxic 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal (Just and Schnoor 2004). This metabolite is also produced from RDX by strains of Rhodococcus sp. and from the homologous octahydro-l,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. 

Haemmerli D, MSA Leisola, D Sanglard, A Fiechter (1986) Oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene by extracellular ligninases of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Biol Chem 261 6900-6903. 

Hammel KE, B Kalyanaraman, TK Kirk (1986) Oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dibenzo(p)dioxins by Phanerochaete chrysosporium ligninase. J Biol Chem 261 16948-16952. 

Kersten PJ (1990) Glyoxal oxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium its characterization and activation by lignin peroxidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 2936-2940. 

Brown JA, JK Glenn, MH Gold (1990) Manganese regulates expression of manganese peroxidase by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Bacteriol 172 3125-3130. 

Whittaker MM, PJ Kersten, N Nakamura, J Sanders-Loehr, ES Schweizer, JW Whittaker (1996) Glyoxal oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a new radical copper oxidase. J Biol Chem 271 681-687. 

Arjmand M, H Sandermann (1985) Mineralization of chloroaniline/lignin conjugates and of free chloroani-lines by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Agric Pood Chem 33 1055-1060. 

The inclusion of nitrate may lead to various complications, which have been discussed in Chapter 2. In addition, the nitrogen status of the growth medium determines the levels of lignin peroxidases and manganese-dependent peroxidases that are synthesized in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The role of Mn concentration is noted later and in Chapter 3, Part 5. 

Van der Woude MW, K Boominathan, CA Reddy (1993) Nitrogen regulation of lignin peroxidase and manganese-dependent peroxidase production is independent of carbon and manganese regulation in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Arch Microbiol 160 1-4. 

Yadav JS, CA Reddy (1993) Degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) by the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 59 756-762. 

Although a number of white-rot fungi have been examined and shown to degrade PAHs (Field et al. 1992), greatest attention has probably been directed to Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus, and to the PAHs anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene that will be used to illustrate the cardinal principles. A substantial fraction of PAHs may also be sorbed to the biomass—40% for phenanthrene and 22% for benzo[a]pyrene (Barclay et al. 1995). The degree of mineralization of PAHs by white-rot fungi may sometimes be quite low, for example, for Pleurotus ostreatus, yields were 3.0, 0.44, 0.19, and 0.19% for phenanthrene, pyrene, fluorene, and benzo[a]pyrene, respectively (Bezalel et al. 1996a). 

FIGURE 8.23 Degradation of anthracene by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. (From Neilson, A.H. and Allard, A.-S. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Springer, 1998. With permission.)... 

Barclay CD, GE Earquhar, RL Legge (1995) Biodegradation and sorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 42 958-963. 

Bogan L, RT Lamar, KE Hammel (1996) Fluorene oxidation in vivo by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and in vitro during manganese peroxidase-dependent lipid peroxidation. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 1788-1792. 

Moen MA, KE Hammel (1994) Lipid peroxidation by the manganese peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium is the basis for phenanthrene oxidation by the intact fungus. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 1956-1961. 

Yadav JS, JF Quensen, JM Tiedje, CA Reddy (1995) Degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (Aro-chlors 1242, 1254, 1260) by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium as evidenced by congener-specific analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 61 2560-2565. 

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