Petunidin

Six anthocyanidins are commonly found in plants and plant-derived foods and beverages pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, peonidin, petunidin, and malvidin. Their structures differ in the number and position of hydroxyl and methoxyl groups on the flavan nucleus. The most commonly occurring anthocyanidin is cyanidin, and all these anthocyanidins are found in plants as glycosides with or without acylation, leading to around 400 different stractures. 

Petnnidin was detected in amounts above 10% of the total anthocyanin content in only 4 of the 44 frnits listed in Table 4.3.1, in 1 of 13 vegetables shown in Table 4.3.3, in 2 kinds of beans and in 1 nut (Table 4.3.4). Petunidin was found in different grape species snch as cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, ° variety Isabelle, " cv. Pallagrello, cv. Piedirosso Vesnvio, " cv. Nerello Mascalese, and cv. Clinton." None of the foods listed in the fonr tables presented petnnidin as the sole aglycone. 

Pentahydroxyflavylium Petunidin Seed exudate Phaseolus vulgare R. legiiminosarum and R. elli... 

Berries, such as blueberries, bilberries, and black currants, are the main sources of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, and petunidin. Malvidin is the characteristic anthocyanidin of red grape and red wine. Plums, cherries, and red cabbage are rich in... 

Anthocyamdins Cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, Blueberries, blackberries, cranberries, egg plants, pomegranates, plums, raspberries, red onions, red potatoes, red grapes, red radishes, strawberries, other red-purple fruits and vegetables... 

Fig. 2.101. Chromatograms of Cabernet Sauvignon and TempraniUo wines recorded at 520 nm. Peak identification Df-3-GL = delphinidin-3-O-glucoside Cy-3-Gl = cyanidin-3-O-glucoside Pt-3-Gl = petunidin-3-O-glucoside Pn-3-Gl = peonidin-3-O-glucoside Mv-3-Gl = maMdin-3-O-glucoside Pn-3-Gl-Ac = paeonidin-3-O-acetylglucoside Mv-3-Gl-Ac = maMdin-3-O-acetylglucoside Pn-3-Gl-Cm = peonidin-3-coumaroylglucoside Mv-3-Gl-Cm = malvidin-3-coumarylglucoside. Reprinted with permission from E. Revilla et al. [235].

Fig. 2.106. Separation and identification of various anthocyanin red fruit juices a, grape b, blueberry c, raspberry and d, red currant. Mobile phase water-acetonitrile-formic acid (84 6 10, v/v). Abbreviations Dp delphidin, Cy cyanidin, Pt petunidin, Pn peonidin, Mv malvidin, glu glucose, gala galactose, ara arabinose, ruti rutinose, sopho sophorose, sam sambubiose, xyl xylose. Reprinted with permission from J.-P. Goiffon et al. [241].

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