Permanent dyes phenylenediamine

Aromatic amines as a compound class account for many of the known carcinogenic organic chemicals. Perhaps the most widely publicized compounds are benzidine and 3,31-dichlorobenzidine (DCB)(4>5)which until recently were widely used in the manufacture of dyestuffs. Another widely publicized suspected car-cinogenic aromatic amine is 4-methoxy-m-phenylenediamine (MMPDA)(6)which is used as an ingredient in many permanent hair dye formulations. 4,4,-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) or MBOCA(Z)and 4,4-methylenedianiline (MDA) are widely used as curing agents in polyurethane resins and are said to be carcinogenic. ... 

Permanent hair colors contain an oxidizer (usually 6% hydrogen peroxide) and a dye intermediate (p-phenylenediamine, resorcinol, aminophenols along with water, ammonia, glycerin, isopropanol, and propylene glycol). Semipermanent hair colors contain propylene glycol, isopropanol, fatty acids, fragrance, alkanolamines, and dyes. Some Grecian hair formulations contain lead in the form of lead acetate. 

Permanent hair dyes are often derivatives of an aromatic amine, discovered as a hair dye in 1883, called /Mra-phenylenediamine (H2N-C6H4-NH2), including primary intermediates such as pcirci-aminophenol, dihydroxybenzene, 4-methylaminophenol, tetraaminopyrimidine, 2-aminomethyl-4-aminophenol, and / ara-aminodiphenylamine. The / zrra-phenylenedi-amine compound produces a black color, with its derivative parci- mmo-diphenylaminesulfonic acid used in blond formulations. Couplers are generally aromatic phenols or amines that have an available site that is subject to electrophilic interaction. Typical couplers include chemicals such as resorcinol, wrte-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminoanisole, mrm-aminophenol,... 

Some henna, particularly that marketed as "black henna," is mixed with the compound para-phenylenediamine (PPD), a black hair dye that frequently causes skin sensitization and has been responsible for numerous cases of allergic contact dermatitis, some of which have caused permanent scarring... 

Uses dyestuff used to dye furs brown and reddish-brown dye intermediate in semi-permanent and permanent hair coloring products (produces brown and red shades on the hair) in different hair-dyeing preparations. 2-NITRO-P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE A... 

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