Periodicity parameter

Figure 13 The predicted contribution of roots of different order to the uptake of phosphorus by maize over a 20 day period. Parameter values are given in Table 2.

Each term in (1) is represented by a simple mathematical expression as exemplified in (2), where the k are appropriate force constants, 0 are bond angles, r are torsion angles, n is the torsional periodicity parameter, is the torsion offset, p are partial atomic charge, s is the dielectric constant, A and are Lennard-Jones vdW parameters, and the summations run over bonded atom pairs (ij), angle triples (ijk) and torsional quadruples (ijkl). The nonbonded terms are summed over the distances, d,j, between unique atom pairs excluding bonded pairs and the atoms at either end of an angle triple. For the atoms at the ends of a torsion quadruple, the nonbonded term may be omitted or scaled. 

Spiral waves under periodic parameter modulation.245... 

Resonant drift of a spiral wave under periodic parameter modulation. 250... 

The gray small box shows a zoom on the first few seconds of P-wave on velocity (top) and displacement (bottom) records. The initial peak displacement (PJ) is measured as the absolute maximum of displacement waveform on the early portion of P-wave (typically 2-4 s) while the period parameter is measured from the ratio between initial displacement and velocity waveforms in the same time window... 

In the context of real-time applications, different amplitude and period parameters have been proposed to get independent estimates of the earthquake size. We present here an overview of the parameters used by the different systems for the magnitude estimation. 

Following an original idea of Nakamura (1988), Allen and Kanamori (2003) first proposed the use of a period parameter, measured on the first few seconds of P-wave signal, to infer the size of the ongoing earthquake. The predominant period is measured on the vertical component of velocity record and is defined as... 

A similar period parameter has been proposed by where u and v are displacement and velocity, Kanamori (2005), who defined the average period respectively the integrals are computed over a... 

Both period parameters (Tf max and t, ) are empirically related to the event magnitude but are pretty independent of the distance. 

The same authors proposed that a rough but very rapid estimation of the PDZ extent can also be made from the updated averages of the period parameter which is recorded at strong-motion sites in the near-source region. Fixing the parameter Pd at its threshold value and using the progressively updated estimations of the period parameter, the empirical equation... 

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