Period-doubling experimental tests

We discuss some of the properties of maps and the techniques for analyzing them in Sections 10.1-10.5. The emphasis is on period-doubling and chaos in the logistic map. Section 10.6 introduces the amazing idea of universality, and summarizes experimental tests of the theory. Section 10.7 is an attempt to convey the basic ideas of Feigenbaum s renormalization technique. 

In this respect 6,2 is called antioxidant depletion time and E the apparent activation energy of antioxidant depletion. Again values for E in the vicinity of 50kJ/mol are experimentally found. As discussed in Sect. 5.1, the Arrhenius equation leads to the old mle of thumb that an increase in temperature by about 10 °C doubles or trebles the depletion rate. This rule can also be used as an initial guide to estimate service life. If, after ageing of geomembrane samples in water or air at 80 °C test temperature over a period of at least one year, effective stabiliser substance can still be found, for example by OIT-measurements, a service lifetime of many decades can be expected at normal ambient temperatures. 

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