Performance of Carbon Monoliths

Different carbon monoliths were prepared from a sucrose coating [8,43], a polyfurfuryl coating [9], a furan coating [44] via the dipcoating method, and from methane [14,35] via the CVD method over deposited Ni. Ruthenium was loaded on furan-based monoliths by impregnation from [RuCls H20] in diluted hydrochloric acid, and lipase was loaded on the other monoliths by physical adsorption from a phosphate buffer (pH 7). 

Catalytic tests with the lipase-monolithic catalysts were performed in a monolithic stirrer reactor consisting of a glass vessel equipped with a stirrer motor (V = 2.5 dm ). 1-Butanol and vinyl acetate concentrations were 0.6 M and 1 M, respectively. Activity tests with immobilized lipase Candida antarctica) were performed at varying stirrer rates and temperatures. Carbon monoliths (Westvaco integral carbon monoliths, with a loading of 30 wt% of microporous activated carbon, wall thickness 0.3 mm) were used as a reference material. 

Ru-catalyzed hydrogenation of aqueous solutions of D-glucose (0.56 mol/dm ) was performed in a screw impeller stirred reactor (SISR) of 300-cm capacity, suited for testing monolithic and slurry catalysts [45], The catalysts were first reduced under flowing hydrogen at 1 K/min from room temperature to 413 K, maintained at this temperature for 3 hours, and subsequently cooled under 

The sucrose-based carriers have a moderate carbon yield, which can be increased by concentrating the precursor or performing two subsequent coating 

Carbon/Support Y earner (wt%) BET (m2/g) BET (m /gcarbon) Pore Diameter (nm) Pore Volume (cm /g) 

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