Per nucleon

Several further comparisons attest to the universal nature of the statistical fragmentation theory. In Fig. 8.28 the consequences of a nuclear fragmentation event brought about by the 70 MeV per nucleon collision of a carbon nucleus with a silver nucleus is shown (Greiner and Stocker, 1985). In this... 

Nuclear binding energies are determined by applying Einstein s formula to the mass difference between the nucleus and its components. Iron and nickel have the highest binding energy per nucleon. 

FIGURE 17.20 The variation of the nuclear binding energy per nucleon. The maximum binding energy per nucleon occurs near iron and nickel. Their nuclei have the lowest energies of all because their nucleons are most tightly bound. (The vertical axis is binr/A)... 

Plot of the binding energy per nucleon vs. mass number A. The most stable nuclides lie in the region around... 

C22-0006. Fluorine has only one stable Isotope, F. Compute the total binding energy and the binding energy per nucleon for this nuclide. 

C22-0086. Naturally occurring bismuth contains only one isotope, Bl. Compute the total molar binding energy and molar binding energy per nucleon of this element. 

FIGURE 1.12 The average binding energy per nucleon as a function of mass number. 

Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for the following 18sO 23uNa 4020Ca. 

The plot of binding energy per nucleon versus mass number for all the isotopes shows that binding energies/nucleon increase very rapidly with increasing mass number, reaching a maximum of 8.80 MeV per nucleon at mass number 56 for Fe, then decrease slowly. 

Here av — 15.5 MeV represents a constant term in B.E. per nucleon, as — 16.8 MeV provides a surface term allowing for a reduced contribution to B.E. from... 

Given the atomic masses tabulated below, find the Q-values and the changes in B.E. per nucleon (both in MeV) for the following reactions ... 

E in GeV), giving a flat spectrum for E <Heavy nuclei have similar spectra in energy per nucleon. 

About 80 per cent of the cosmic-ray flux is at energies above 150 MeV per nucleon where the cross-sections are more or less constant (Fig. 9.4). 

Fig. 9.4. Reaction cross-sections, as a function of energy per nucleon, for the production of light elements for some typical cases. Adapted from Read and Viola (1984). Courtesy Vic Viola.

This graph and Fig. 26-6 are almost the inverse of one another, with the maxima of one being the minima of the other. Actual nuclidic mass is often a number slightly less than the number of nucleons (mass number). This difference divided by the number of nucleons (packing fraction) is proportional to the negative of the mass defect per nucleon. 

The resulting EoS is expressed as an expansion in powers of k/, and the value of A 0.65 GeV is adjusted to the empirical binding energy per nucleon. In its present form the validity of this approach is clearly confined to relatively small values of the Fermi momentum, i.e. rather low densities. Remarkably for SNM the calculation appears to be able to reproduce the microscopic EoS up to p 0.5 fm-3. As for the SE the value obtained in this approach for 4 = 33 MeV is in reasonable agreement with the empirical one however, at higher densities (p > 0.2 fm-3) a downward bending is predicted (see Fig. 4) which is not present in other approaches. 

Figure 4 Left plot Binding energy per nucleon of symmetric nuclear matter (lower curves...

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