Pelouze, Theophile Jules

Dumas s Parisian school also became known as the French school of chemistry. Theophile Jules Pelouze complained about Dumas that he was using the theory of substitution to elevate himself to the position of "Chef de l Ecole" of the new organic chemistry. Adolphe Wurtz praised Dumas in saying that "the basic lines [of the substitution theory] are indelibly drawn, and it was the French School that drew them." 13... 

Although Lamy claimed that Sir William Crookes s thallium was really a sulfide, the latter replied that he had prepared metallic thallium as early as May 1, 1862, but that because of its volatility he had not dared to melt the black powder to form an ingot (18). However, a committee from the French Academy, including Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, Theophile-Jules Pelouze, and J.-B.-A. Dumas, credited Lamy, rather than Crookes, with the isolation of thallium metal (17, 40). 

On August 30-Sept. 2, 1842, Berzelius wrote Theophile-Jules Pelouze concerning a meeting of Scandinavian naturalists which had been held in Stockholm Mr. Mosander announced a new metal, found with lanthanum in cerite, a metal which seems to accompany the cerium and yttrium wherever one finds them.. . The oxide of this metal, which... 

Figure 59. Theophile-Jules Pelouze (1807-1867). (Courtesy E. Berl.) Made many important contributions to organic and inorganic chemistry— ethereal salts, the first nitrile, borneol, glyceryl tributyrate, pyroxylin, improvements in the manufacture of plate glass. He nitrated paper in 1838 and was thus probably the first to prepare nitrocellulose. Reproduced from original in Kekule s portrait album.

Initial polyester formation actually occurred much earlier and is attributed to Gay Lussac and Theophile-Jules Pelouze in 1833 and Jons Jakob... 

Theophile Jules Pelouze (Valognes, Normandy, 13 February 1807-Paris, 31 May 1867) studied under Gay-Lussac (whose acquaintance he made in an omnibus) in circumstances of some privation. His lodging was so small that he humorously said he found it necessary to open the window to find space to put on a coat he dined on bread and water, which he said tended to clear the mind. In 1830 he became professor at Lille, in the centre of an industrial area, and worked on beet-sugar. He returned to Paris, where he succeeded Gay-Lussac at the ficole Polytechnique and later Thenard and Dumas at the College de France. He became president of the Commission of the Mint in 1848 and later a member of the Municipal Council. ... 

A contemporary, Henri Braconnot, produced Xyloidine in 1833 by the reaction of nitric acid and starch and another contemporary, Theophile Jules Pelouze produced "Pyroxyline" by the reaction of nitric acid and paper in 1838. Subsequently, in 1836, Christian Fredrich Schonbein obtained a higher degree of substitution in cellulose by using a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid. Schonbein obtained patents in England and USA for his "Nitrocellulose" which he called "gun cotton". 

J. 1837-1838. Nitrated paper, soluble in ethyl alcohol, and nitrated cotton fibers, insoluble in ethyl alcohol, were prepared by Prof. Theophile Jules Pelouze, a French chemist. These products were highly combustible. 

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