PEGylated molecules properties

PEG (20 kDa) [43]. This demonstrates the strong hydrodynamic properties of PEGylated molecules. The increase in hydrodynamic radius significantly decreases renal clearance. Although the threshold of the molecular weight cut-off of renal filtration of protein is about 65 kDa, the 30-kDa PEG demonstrates minimal renal permeability [44]. 

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) consists of repeating units of ethylene glycol forming linear or branched polymers with different molecular masses. Pegylation is the process by which PEG chains are covalently attached to lEN molecules. Pegylation confers a number of properties on lEN-a molecules, such as sustained blood levels that enhance antiviral effectiveness and reduce adverse reactions, as well as a longer half-life and improved patient compliance (Kozlowski et al. 2001). 

Ferrying of molecules into cells via entry through caveolae may represent a way to traffic specifically cytotoxic molecules to specific action sites. For example, elevating the intracellular level of the sphingolipid ceramide is known to exert antimitogenic and proapoptotic effects. While ceramide is cell-permeable and displays antiapoptotic properties in vitro, systemic in vivo use of ceramide is hampered by its hydrophobicity. Using a C6-ceramide formulation in pegylated liposomes was shown to elicit a sixfold reduction in solid phase tumors, when compared to unloaded liposomes in a mouse model of breast adenocarcinoma [68],... 

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