Pathogenic and toxic effects

Q Pathogenic and Toxic Effects of Select Biological Threat Agents... 

Immunotoxic effects of Pb also played a role earlier in the clinical history of the element through categories of effects which clearly subsumed a significant immunological component. For example, early individual and consensus compendia on lead toxicity and that of other chemical substances often mentioned respiratory effects. A number of these effects had to do with altered host resistance to various inhaled pathogens and toxicants from... 

In the gut, many pathogens adhere to the gut wall and produce their toxic effect via toxins which pervade the surrounding gut wall or enter the systemic circulation. Vibrio cholerae and some enteropathic E. coli strains localize on the gut wall and produce toxins which increase vascular permeability. The end result is a hypersecretion of isotonic fluids into the gut lumen, acute diarrhoea and consequent dehydration which may be fatal in juveniles and the elderly. In all these instances, binding to epithelial cells is not essential but increases permeation ofthe toxin and prolongs the presence of the pathogen. 

Rifaximin, a virtually nonabsorbed antibiotic, is a semisynthetic rifamycin derivative, with a broad antimicrobial spectrum that includes most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, both aerobes and anaerobes [1, 2], Unlike systemically available antibiotics, this antimicrobial allows localized targeting (e.g. enteric or cutaneous) of pathogens and is associated with a minimal risk of systemic toxicity or side effects [3, 4], Provided that nonabsorbed antibiotics are as effective as systemically absorbed drugs for the target illness, their safety and toler-... 

Iron-Stimulated Toxic Effects of Pathogenic Fibers and Particles... 

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