Partition Based Lumping

It is hardly surprising that model developers have been compelled to drastically simplify model development along two lines. One is what may be called partition-based lumping, while the other total lumping. In the former case, the reaction mixture is represented by a finite number of lumps and the reactions among them are tracked. The lumped system aims to capture essential features of the real system so that it has sufficient predictive power and robustness over ever-changing feeds and catalysts. In the latter case, the... 

An example of this type of process of selective solute partitioning is urea based adductive crystallization. A saturated solution of urea in water at 70 °C may be mixed with a mixture of aromatic and paraffinic hydrocarbons present in a solvent at 40 °C (the Edeleanu process). Under conditions of appropriate refrigeration, lumps of urea-n-paraffin adducts appear as crystals (Findlay, 1962 Fuller, 1972). As shown in Figure 4.1.23(a), the host compound, urea, has crystallized into a form having a central tunnel open at both ends the tunnel accommodates the "guest paraffinic hydrocarbon molecule and holds it by van der Waals forces with m urea molecules forming the tunnel ... 

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