Particles passive adsorption onto

One of the simplest methods of attaching biomolecules to hydrophobic polymeric particles is the use of passive adsorption. Some of the earliest examples related to the use of particles in immunoassays include the use of non-covalently adsorbed antibody or antigen onto latex microspheres. Protein adsorption onto hydrophobic particles takes place through strong interactions... 

The following protocol for passive adsorption is based on methods reported for use with hydrophobic polymeric particles, such as polystyrene latex beads or copolymers of the same. Other polymer particle types also may be used in this process, provided they have the necessary hydrophobic character to promote adsorption. For particular proteins, conditions may need to be optimized to take into consideration maximal protein stability and activity after adsorption. Some proteins may undergo extensive denaturation after immobilization onto hydrophobic surfaces therefore, covalent methods of coupling onto more hydrophilic particle surfaces may be a better choice for maintaining native protein structure and long-term stability. 

Formic acid adsorption onto Pt requires either multiple sites for the dehydration pathway or (Mily one to activate C-H bond for the dehydrogenation pathway [46]. The onset of formic acid electrooxidation has been shown to be effected by both Pt particle size and reactant cmicentration (Fig. 3.5B, C). The dehydration pathway is favored on both the polycrystalline and 8.8 run Pt catalyst surfaces during the forward scan, as is apparent from the low currents and high overpotentials. The higher potentials are required to form the activated hydroxyl complexes required to oxidize the passivating CO moieties to CO2, similar to methanol. The formic acid... 

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