Part A The Hand Calculator

Every chemistry student uses a calculator to solve chemistry problems. A suitable calculator can (1) add, subtract, multiply, and divide (2) perform these operations in exponential notation (3) work with logarithms and (4) raise any base to a power. Calculators that can perform these operations usually have other capabilities, too, such as finding squares and square roots, carrying out trigonometric functions, and offering shortcuts for pi and percentage, enclosures, statistical features, and different levels of storage and recall. 

Finding the reciprocal, square root, square, or logarithm of a number is called a one-number function because only one number must be keyed into the calculator. In this case we are interested in finding 1/x, y/x, x, and log x. 

Notice that, even though we always write a decimal fraction less than 1 with a zero before the decimal point, it is not necessary to enter such zeros into a calculator. The zeros are included in the display. 

The y key can also be used to find an antilogarithm. In that case y = 10 and x is the given logarithm, the exponent to which 10 is to be raised. 

The procedure for a common arithmetic operation is identical to the arithmetic equation for the same calculation. If you wish to add X to Y, the equation is X -i- Y =. The calculator procedure is  

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