Parenchyma bleeding

The most common causes of death in the initial hospitalization period or within the first 60 days right after patients are discharged are cardiac-related and primary graft failure (Meyers et al. 1999). Other common causes include parenchyma bleeding, ARDS, sepsis, bacterial pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism and neurological injury (Meyers et al. 1999). Anastomotic dehiscence, a previously common postoperative complication, is now very rare because of improved surgical techniques (Date et al. 1995). Treatment usually consists of overstenting the anastomotic dehiscence via bronchoscopy (Fig. 5.2.9) (SusANTO et al. 1998). 

The KL-3 adhesive is successfully used to stop bleeding from the bed of the gallbladder [456], Following resection of the gallbladder, thermocoagulation of the wounded surface of the liver is carried out and then KL-3 is additionally introduced into the liver parenchyma in the vicinity of both the bleeding vessels and the open bile ducts until they are completely closed. This method was used in 48 patients with resections of the gallbladder no complications were noted. 

S.B. was a 63-year-old man who was brought to the emergency department in an unconscious state. He had apparently taken an overdose of his prescribed anticoagulant medication, resulting in a bihemispheric bleed that caused compression of the brain parenchyma. Neurosurgeons and neurologists who were called to evaluate determined that his condition was inoperable. 

Although there should be some concern in performing cranial osteopathy in patients with intracranial bleeding, the extreme nature of this situation relatively lessened the contraindications. The bleeding was confined to a closed space and there was a tamponading process in effect "The decrease in blood pressure was not caused by the blood loss but was related to the cardiac arrhythmia. The compression of the brain parenchyma was responsible for the hyperpyrexia. Insufficient time and the suddenness in the increase in his temperature precluded the likelihood of an infectious cause. 

Nephrostomy-related urinoma formation has been reported in the pediatric population. This complication is more likely when the renal parenchyma is thin, as in children with chronic reflux or where the free wall of the renal pelvis is punctured. If the urinoma is large or becomes infected, percutaneous drainage may be required (Gonzalez-Serva et al. 1977 Ball et al. 1986). While a small amount of urine leakage around the nephrostomy catheter can be considered normal, excessive leakage is usually due to catheter blockage, especially in patients with pyonephrosis or excessive bleeding. 

Hepatic hematoma is a lesion characterized by bleeding inside the liver parenchyma, under the capsule, with or without free rupture. Surgery and trauma are the two most common causes of hepatic bleeding. Hemorrhage within a solid liver neoplasm, especially a hepatocellular adenoma, is a third well-known mechanism by which intra- or perihepatic hematoma can be induced (Casillas et al. 2000). Symptomatic manifestations depend on the severity of the bleeding, the location, and the time frame during which the hemorrhage occurred. 

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