Paramagnetism various oxidation states

The remarkable variety in the permutations of the R2 Dtc ligands, various oxidation states of copper, and halide ions was again demonstrated in the synthesis of the Cu2(R2Dtc)3X2 complexes with copper in the oxidation states II and III. These paramagnetic compounds (1.77-1.86 BM per formula weight, R = Me, Et X = Br, Cl) were obtained by the reaction of CuCl or CuBr and R4Tds in CHC13 (598). 

The formation and stabilization of various oxidation states of actinide positive ions in CaF crystals are described. Paramagnetic resonance and optical spectra are reported for divalent Am and trivalent Cm in these crystals. Tetravalent Cm and Pu, formed as a consequence of the intense alpha radiation, are identified by their optical spectra. 

Chemically modified celluloses have been analyzed by conventional wet methods and by various Instrumental methods designed to differentiate bulk and surface properties. Electron emission spectroscopy for chemical analyses (ESCA) used alone and In combination with radiofrequency cold plasmas yielded elemental analyses, oxidative states of the element, and distribution of the element. Techniques of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), chemiluminescence, reflectance infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analyses were also used to detect species on surfaces and to obtain depth profiles of a given reagent in chemically modified cottons. 

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