Parallel resistive rails

Randles model are used to describe the frequency dependence of diffusion and the capacitive impedance observed in the intermediate and low frequency ranges. A dual transmission line model has been proposed by including ionic and electronic resistance rails connected in parallel with a capacitance Cp (Fig. 6.5). The model has been used to define the electrochemical behavior of polyaniline, and the capacitance was explained as a result of oxidation and reduction of the pol5mier. Ionic (i i) and electronic (Rg) resistances are used to describe hindered motion of ions and electrons in the system, respectively. The impedance behavior has been found to be dependent on the ratio of the two resistances. 

Considerable stray currents can, of course, be caused by dc-driven cranes that load and unload ships where the rails act as the return conductor for the current. The rails run parallel to the harbor basin, quay walls of steel-reinforced concrete or steel piling walls. These can take up a large part of the stray current and conduct it further because of their small longitudinal resistance. Noticeable stray current inter-... 

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