Parallel magnetic field

Similar observations have been made when H2 was placed in a parallel magnetic field [26]. The shorter bond distance and stronger binding interaction in the ground state H2 are the consequences of the increased electron density between the two nuclei that is induced by the potential. 

Hence, the Hamiltonian constructed from equations (1) and (5) is suitable for the evaluation of the transverse magnetic effect on a hydrogen molecule, due to the presence of a parallel magnetic field, that gives rise to the fine features of PECs. Since equation (12) commutes with the total Hamiltonian the correction for... 

Figure 16.15—Electron ionisation (El). The collision of an electron with a sample molecule m produces ionisation that leads to formation of a parent ion and fragment ions. Ions that result from the reaction m/ and raj are also called secondary or daughter ions. Since they carry no charge, neutral fragments produced during decomposition, (ra, m[ and m ), are not detected. An illustration of electron ionisation of benzene is shown. Also shown is a schematic of the ionisation chamber (ion source). Using a parallel magnetic field can increase the effective path of an electron in the ion source, which increases ionisation efficiency.

Here we consider results on short stacks with typical lateral size 1 pm x 1 pm and containing N = 30-70 elementary junctions. The high quality of the mesas has been approved by the Fraunhofer patterns of critical current Ic on parallel magnetic field with periodicity of one flux per elementary junction [11, 12], Fig 2 shows the I-V characteristics of the short stacked junctions in large and small voltage scales. 

The ionization of the gas can be achieved by electron beam vaporization [208], hollow cathode discharge [209, 210], glow discharge [34, 192], arc discharge [36], or glow discharge in a parallel magnetic field [33]. 

Figure 15.24 Schematic diagram of different magnetic field configurations on the backside of anode electrodes (a) parallel magnetic field configuration (PM), (b) opposite magnetic field configuration (OM), and (c) no magnetron (NM).

Figure 17 4 The spatial distribution of parallel magnetic field strength employing strong magnets = 1550 G) as measured with a Walker-MG 3D gauss meter.

Figure 17.8 The dependence of parallel magnetic field strength distribution on electrode distance at z = 0.0mm (-8//stmax = 1550 G, d is the distance between the anode surface and the cathode surface, z is the distance from the anode surface to the measurement location, cathode material is a 7 x 7 in. cold-rolled steel plate).

Figure 32 Magnetoresistance at several temperatures measured for a MWNT in a parallel magnetic field. The large oscillation of the resistance, comparable in size to the quantum resistance h/2e, is the manifestation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect [159].

Figure 1. Resistive characteristics for sample MLS (closed circles) and ML6 (open eircles) at parallel magnetic field of 0.5 T.

Table 13.1 Total energy (in au) for the ground state (lag) of H2+ in a parallel magnetic field. The gauge origin is placed are the same as higher FC orders are shown in boldface... 

H= magnetic field c2 = upper critical field ffj. = perpendicular magnetic field H = parallel magnetic field Jc = critical current density Tc = transition temperature Td = deposition temperature... 

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