Parallel growth

A seeond and perhaps simplest form of primary agglomerate results from the phenomenon known as parallel growth in whieh individual erystals of the same substanee grow in a staek on top of one another in sueh a manner that all eorresponding faees and edges of the individuals are parallel. The elassie example... 

Besides lateral (parallel) growth of MFI layers onto a porous metal support, also axial growth of MFI crystals onto (dense) metal supports is possible leading to interesting new composite catalysts. 

Figure 7.10. (a) Sketches and (b) photograph of parallel growth due to preferential nucleation at the corners and along the edges of existing calcite crystals (ref. [3], Chapter 11). Note the Habitus change between earlier and later formed crystals. 

Fig. 7.156. The movement of two parallel growth steps toward each other, resulting in their mutual annihilation.

Fig. 7.158. Parallel growth steps, each at a screw dislocation, one a left-handed spiral and the other a right-handed spiral.

Figure 2 illustrates that except for the anomalies related to the World War II, Canada s economic growth as measured by real (or uninflated) gross domestic product has been accompanied by nearly parallel growth in energy consumption. 

Orientations other than those listed In Table II have been observed by a number of workers (36,39-41,43). In general the occurrence of a parallel (100) orientation on the (100) face can be explained by assuming oxide growth on 110 or 111 facets. Menzel (38) showed that parallel growth was observed when 110 planes were exposed by an etch. 

The polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline is another example of the parallel growth of macroions and covalent macromolecules X The averaged rate coefficients of propagation kp (including kj, and k ) for various anions, namely Cl , Br ,, and OTos (Tos = S02C H4CH3-p) were measured in CD3CN at 40 °C and found to be equal to (x 10, in mole 1 s ) 0.03,... 

From the beginning, the American Chemical Society charged CA with abstracting the complete world s literature of chemistry. The exponential growth of chemical research and publication in the ensuing years led to a parallel growth in CA and the organization that produces it. 

Increased lifetime experience of cannabis does not necessarily imply a parallel growth in recent use (Figure 6). Last-1 2-months prevalence has generally risen much less than lifetime experience, implying that the reported increases are mainly in occasional use and that most experimenters do not seem to continue to use in the longer term. 

Basically, the problem of instability of chain-like carbon is related to low stability of the free ensemble of the free linear-chain carbon clusters with sp -type a electron hybridization. The stability of linear-chain carbon can be improved if the chains grow on the surface of a substrate, as one end of the carbon chain becomes fixed on the substrate surface. The stability of chainlike carbon can also be enhanced as a result of the parallel growth of carbon chains in the perpendicular direction to the substrate surface [9]. 

Columnar Similar to fibrous long, slender prisms often with parallel growth Calcite... 

Economic considerations also enter into this study as it mentions the major interests that would be served by the spread of coffee-drinking, since wider consumption would inevitably spur parallel growth in the big metropolitan and colonial sugar industries. 

Figure 24. The coincidence index (Z factor) V5. cp plot, in case of two-dimensional hp lattice, cp = 0 (parallel growth) and cp = 60° (twinning) correspond to S = 1. Between these two orientations, a large number of plesiotwin orientations exist, which are shown up to Z = 100. The plot has been calculated by applying the compound tessellation theory and drawn for counter-clockwise rotations only. Clockwise rotations produce the same Z in correspondence of 60° - cp rotations (modified after Nespolo et al. 1999d).

The allotwin laws include the twin laws for each of the individuals, as well as the symmetry operations of the crystal(s) point group(s). The six rotations about c now must be considered. By indicating the first individual with a superscript and the second one with a subscript, the allotwin Zt = 3 must be considered also, whereas the Zt = 33 twin simply corresponds to a parallel growth. Therefore, the number of possible laws increases and depends upon the number of different polytypes undergoing allotwinning. 

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