Paneth, Friedrich

Paneth, Friedrich A. (1931) The Epistemological Status of the Concept of Element British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 13 (1962) 1—14, 144—160, reprinted in Foundations of Chemistry, 5 (2003) 113—145 (original German lecture given in 1931). 

Hevesy s close friend and collaborator, the distinguished Austrian (and later British) chemist Friedrich Paneth, was yet another radiochemist who turned to geo-and cosmochemistry in the 1920s. He started a research program on meteoritic chemistry that made him an authority in the field of meteorite science and one of the founders of modern cosmochemistry. [59] It is also worth to mention that Hevesy s old rival from the controversy over element 72, the Frenchman Alexandre Dauvillier, turned from X-ray spectroscopy to astro- and cosmochemistry. In 1955 he wrote one of the first books ever on cosmochemistry. [60]... 

In 1911 Ernest Rutherford asked a student, George de Hevesy, to separate a lead impurity from a decay product of uranium, radium-D. De Hevesy did not succeed in this task (we now know that radium-D is the radioactive isotope °Pb), but this failure gave rise to the idea of using radioactive isotopes as tracers of chemical processes. With Friedrich Paneth in Vieima in 1913, de Hevesy used °Pb to measure the solubifity of lead salts—the first appfication of an isotopic tracer technique. De Hevesy went... 

Hevesy started as an electrochemist, since the topic of his dissertation was the production of alkali metals by melt electrolysis [12], He published several electrochemical papers on the electrolytic production of metals [13] but also on several other electrochemical topics, e.g., on the electrocapillarity [14], Nevertheless, we do not consider him as an electrochemist since he became famous as a discoverer of a new element, hafnium, and especially as a leading person in the area of radioactivity. He studied the electrochemistry of radioactive elements (Figs. 12.8,12.9, and 12.10) and used the electrochemical techniques successfully also in radiochemistry, ionic diffusion in electrolytes, and metals [15-19]. In 1913, he carried out the first radioactive tracer experiment with Friedrich Adolf Paneth in Vienna [20]. The use of tracer technique opened up new vistas also in electrochemistry. It provided a reliable method to investigate kinetics and equilibrium of electrode processes, e.g., adsorption dissolution, deposition, and underpotential deposition of metals. 

Ruthenberg, Klaus (1993) Friedrich Adolph Paneth (1887-1938) Hyle An International Journal in the Philosophy of Chemistry, 3 103—106. 

---