Pancreatic lipase activity effect

Pancreatic effect. Ginger (50 mg%), administered orally to rats, significantly enhanced pancreatic lipase activity and significantly stimulated trypsin and chymot-rypsin. The stimulatory influence was not observed when the treatment was restricted to a single dose . 

Larsson A and Erlansonalbertsson C. The Effect of Pancreatic Procolipase and Colipase on Pancreatic Lipase Activation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991 1083 283-288. 

It is well known that dietary fat is not absorbed from the intestine unless it has been subjected to the action of pancreatic lipase [1], Previously, we found that basic proteins such as protamines, histones and purothionine inhibited the hydrolysis of triolein emulsified with phosphatidylcholine [2], The inhibition of hydrolysis of dietary fat may cause a decrease or delay in the intestinal absorption of fat and reduce blood chylomicron levels, an excess of which is known to induce obesity [3], Therefore, there was a possibility that inhibitory substances toward pancreatic lipase activity may prevent the onset of obesity induced by feeding a high fat diet to mice. Recently, we found that natural products such as tea saponin, platycodi radix saponin, chitin-chitosan and chondroitin sulfate inhibited the pancreatic lipase activity. In the following section, the anti-obesity effects of these natural products will be described in detail. 

Fig. (2). Effects of the water extract of oolong tea on pancreatic lipase activity. Values are expressed as mean + s.e.m. of four experiments. FFA=free fatty acid.

Fig. (3) Effects of tea saponin on pancreatic lipase activity. Results are expressed as means- s.e.m. offour experiments.

It was demonstrated that the anti-obesity effects of oolong tea in high-fat diet-treated mice might be partly due to the inhibitory actions of the saponin fraction in oolong tea on pancreatic lipase activity. In this study, tea saponin prevented the high-fat diet-induced increases in body and parametrial adipose tissue weights by inhibiting the intestinal absorption of dietary fat via inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity, Fig. (5). 

These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of chitin-chitosan on pancreatic lipase activity may be mediated by the interaction between substrate and enzyme through lecithin. Moreover, as shown in Table 4,... 

FIGURE 15.1 Effect of non-shaved kombu (NSK) and tororokombu (TK) on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. Pancreatic lipase (from porcine) activity was measured using a Lipase Kit S according to the manufacturer s protocoL Data are presented as the mean SE (n = 5). p < 0.05, p < 0.005 versus control p < 0.05 NSK versus TK. 

Pancreatic lipase is a key enzyme for TAG absorption and many studies have associated polyphenols with lipase inhibition. Sugiyama et al. (2007) showed that oligomeric apple procyanidins had an inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro which was higher than other polyphenolic compounds of an apple extract. These results were also confirmed in both an animal and a human study where oligomeric apple procyanidins inhibited postprandial TAG absorption. ... 

Although high pressures are involved in such processes, pressures up to 300 bar were found to have a minimal effect on enzyme activity and stability in esterification reactions (Novak et al, 2003). Giessauf and Gamse (2000) reported an increase in pancreatic lipase activity when exposed to SC-CO2 at 150 bar for 24 h. No loss in activity was reported when stored in this condition for 6 months. 

Another offshoot of the discovery that enzymes are active in solvents was that prior lyophilization also affects reaction rate. Elliott and Parkin (1991) found that porcine pancreatic lipase activity diminished by 37% following freeze-drying, and Monot et al. (1993) found that Rhizomucor miehei lipase activity was enhanced. In fact, this group found that activity was greatly enhanced when substrates were incorporated into the reaction mixture before lyophilization. Activity enhancement was described as a rigidification of the lipase in its active conformation (Dabulis and Klibanov, 1992). Addition of some water was found to enhance this effect whereas greater amounts led to lower activity. This method could be of great use in synthetic reaction. 

The active ingredient of Xenical, orlistat, is a pancreatic lipase inhibitor. Side-effects include faecal urgency, liquid oily stools and flatulence. Xenical capsules are administered before, during or up to 1 hour after the two main meals, twice daily. 

Orlistat (Xenical /Roche) is a reversible gastric and pancreatic lipase inhibitor. The compound has no effect on appetite suppression but rather acts by inhibiting dietary fat absorption from the GI tract. Sibutramine (Meridia /Abbott) and its major active metabolites are re-uptake... 

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