Palladium with supported ligands

Palladium and platinum form a wide range of very stable alkyls and aryls in the (+2) state (section 3.8.4) generally with supporting ligands like tertiary phosphines [85, 189],... 

Phosphinoether PPF-OMe (3) is an effective supporting ligand in the palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl bromides and arylamines [37]. For example, reaction of the hindered aniline below proceeded in 94% yield with as little as 0.5 mol% Pd, Eq. (87). 

Arylphosphonates (439) have been prepared through the palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl iodides (437) with silver phosphite as a trans-metallating reagent and the diphosphine (438) as a supporting ligand at 25°C (Scheme 105). ... 

A range of cyclization and cycloisomerization reactions of enynes, including enynes with heteroatoms in the skeleton, have been reported for which the possibility of Pd(IV) intermediates has been canvassedJ f t t A typical example is shown in Scheme 16, where supporting ligands at palladium include palladacyclopentadienes, acetate, acetate/PPhj, and acetate/P(o-tol)3. An alternative pathway involving a Pd(0)-Pd(II) cycle has been acknowledged (Scheme 16), and different reaction conditions may favor each pathwayJ Alkylidene complexes as intermediates have also been proposed for some reactions of enynes... 

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