Palladium-promoted reaction Buchwald-Hartwig amination

You ye seen that palladium catalysis helps form carbon-carbon bonds that are difficult to make using conventional reactions. It can also help form carbon-heteroatom bonds that are difficult to make, and you have already seen some examples in the reactions of re-allyl complexes. Work starting in the 1990s by Buchwald and Hartwig has shown that Pd can be used to promote nucleophilic substitution at a vinylic or aromatic centre—a reaction which would not normally be possible. For example, aromatic amines can be prepared directly from the corresponding bromides, iodides, or triflates and the required amine in the presence of pal-ladium(0) and a strong alkoxide base. 

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