P 1.00 bar

Chemical Species Formula State the Elements (kJ/mol) the Elements (kJ/mol) 

Sources Taken fromPeny R. H., and D.W. Green, eds. Perry s Chemical Engineer s Handbook, ed. 6, pp. 13-59 and 13-50, McGraw-Hill (2003) D. R. Tide, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, EL CRC Press. 

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The solutions to this quadratic equation are a no2 = —0.401 and +0.286. Mole fractions must be positive, so the first solution is physically impossible. At P = 1.00 bar, therefore. 

The equilibrium constant does depend on what pressure we choose for our values of Ag°. If we always choose these as states at which the pressure = 1.00 bar—which most current tables of properties do—then there is little opportunity for confusion here. Unfortunately, some tables of properties also have other choices, so that the values of K calculated from them are different from those calculated for P= 1.00 bar. If we are careful to learn what values of Ag° are used, we will always get the correct calculated concentrations. (Older tables mostly used P= 1.00 atm newer ones mostly use P = 1.00 bar. The differences are small, but not zero, see Problem 12.15.)... 

In each case assume that the initial reacting mix is stoiciometrically balanced, contains none of the final products, and that the reactants and products are all ideal gases. Do not assume that P = 1.00 bar. 

Figure 1.2 Chromatogram of coal-tar oil obtained by using the following conditions column, Waters Spherisorb PAH 5 mm in 250 p.m id X 30 cm fused silica column oven temperature, 100°C UV detector wavelength to 254 nm mobile phase, 100 to 300 bar CO2 and 0.10 to 1.00 p.L min methanol over 30 minutes.

Figure 11.2. Effect of high oxygen atmospheres (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 kPa 02) on (I) total anthocyanins (mg/100 g FW), (II) total phenols (mg/1 00 g FW), and (III) antioxidant capacity measured as ORAC (p.mol TE/g FW) of strawberry fruit (cv. Allstar) stored at 7.5°C. Bars show the final values after treatments. Different letters on top of the bars indicate statistical differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

Solid p-toluenesulfonylchloride 1 (1.00 mmol) in an evacuated 100-mL flask was exposed to the amine gas (0.5 bar). After 2 h the excess gas was condensed to a trap at 77 K and the quantitatively obtained 2 washed with water and dried in a good vacuum. 

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