Oxygen System Example

A University Lab expansion includes installation of a distribution system to — provide gaseous oxygen from manifolded cylinders to a biological laboratory. 

No chemical reactivity hazards have been previously identified for the lab 

Referring to the questions in Chapter 3, Questions 1, 2, and 3 can be answered NO for this example, assuming chemical reactions, mixing, and physical processing are not intended to be part of the laboratory facilities. Question 4 should be answered YES, since oxygen is considered hazardous as an oxidizing gas. 

With respect to Questions 7 through 11, a review of material safety data and standard references for oxygen would result in answering YES only to Question 10. Table 5.6 shows how this example might be documented, including an incompatibility scenario. 

Do the answers to the following questions indicate chemical reactivity hazard(s) are present 1 YES  

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Depending on the 7-substituent, the norcaradiene endoperoxide can be the major cycloadduct with singlet oxygen. For example, whereas the parent system (R = H) affords only about 4% of the norcaradiene endoperoxide 30a), the 7-cyano derivative... 

The thermodynamics of solid equilibrium with gas atmospheres is considered in many textbooks of thermodynamics and, often, with useful examples, in textbooks of metallurgy and geology. The thermodynamics of many metal-oxygen systems are especially well characterized in view of their industrial importance. Two old but extremely useful descriptions of gas-solid equilibria are ... 

Table 2.1 states the redox relations at standard conditions. Extended information on the distribution of the redox pairs — still under equilibrium conditions but under varying redox potential and pH — is given in a Pourbaix diagram. Figure 2.4 is an example of such a diagram for the binary sulfur and oxygen system in water at 1 atm and 25°C with the sum of the concentrations of... 

Water-reactive materials, screening methods, 47,49-50, 51 Worked examples, 119-134 combustor, 120, 122-124,125 intentional chemistry, 119-120,121 mixing, 128,130-132 oxygen system, 133-134 physical processing, 128,129 repackaging, 124,126-127... 

DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) are not large in a river system because none of the sources or sinks have a fast reaction time and the source of oxygen - the atmosphere - is continuous. Thus, mixing is not important when considering DO in a river system. Example 6.4 will demonstrate. 

THE FIRST EXAMPLE OF DIRECT OXIDATION OF SULFIDES TO SULFONES BY AN OSMATE-MOLECULAR OXYGEN SYSTEM... 

Once the detector has been chosen, the problem remains of demonstrating that any radiation observed is that of the oxygen systems, and of separating the bands from each other and from any background radiation. For the 7620 A band it is possible to use a spectrograph with photographic detection (as, for example, in the study of Clyne et al.27), while a monochromator may be used with photoelectric devices as exemplified by the experiments of Whitlow and Findlay.15 In many cases, however, the intensity of emission is too weak to be detected after dispersion, and narrow-band interference filters can then be used to advantage. 

IV. Other Spontaneous Ionization Mechanisms 473 several metal-oxygen systems.95 Examples are... 

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