Oxyacids and Oxyanions

Which do you expect to be the stronger oxidizing agent, NaBrOs or NaCIOs  

The large volume of gases produced provides thrust for the booster rockets 

AFIGURE22.il Launch of the Space Shuttle Columbia from the Kennedy Space Center. 

Since the 1950s both NASA and the Pentagon have used ammonium perchlorate, NH4CIO4, as a rocket fiieL The result is that traces of perchlorate ion are foimd in groimdwater in many regions of the United States, with levels ranging from about 4 to 100 ppb. 

Perchlorate is known to suppress thyroid hormone levels in humans. However, it is disputed whether the amoimts foimd in drinking water are sufficiently high to cause health problems. The Environmental Protection Agency currently states that a dose of 

By the middle of the seventeenth century, scientists recognized that air contained a component associated with burning and breathing. That component was not isolated until 1774, however, when English scientist Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen. Lavoisier subsequently named the element oxygen, meaning acid former.  

Oxygen is found in combination with other elements in a great variety of compounds—water (H2O), silica (Si02), alumina (AI2O3), and the iron oxides 

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The largest nonmetals show coordination numbers as high as eight in the oc-tafiuoroanions, ]Fjj" and XeFg- (see Chapter 17). The corresponding oxyacids and oxyanions show a maximum coordination number of six [Sb(OH)fi]-, Te(OH)6, OI(OH)s, and [XeO, ]4- Of these, apparently only iodine shows a maximum oxidation state with a coordination number as low as four Periodic acid can exist as either 01(0H)S or HI04. 

Carbon is the basis of organic chemistry there are more compounds of carbon than of any other element except hydrogen and possibly fluorine. However, most of the chemistry of carbon is the province of organic chemistry and thus not covered in this encyclopedia. The inorganic chemistry of carbon discussed in this article, which is an update of an excellent article written previously by professor R. Bruce King (University of Georgia, Athens), includes the allotropic forms of elemental carbon, simple molecular carbon halides and oxides, carbon oxyacids and oxyanions, carbon snlfur derivatives, simple cyano derivatives, and carbon-based molecnlar ladders. 

The next two series of nonmetals, silicon through chlorine and germanium through krypton, show a maximum coordination number of. six in hexafluoro anions., SF . and TcF. Even here the oxyacids and oxyanions typically. show a coordination... 

Before the Working Method can be applied to the oxyacids and oxyanions of the Main Group elements a number of structural features in these compounds need to be resolved. 

The Lewis Structures of Molecules, Cations and Anions, Including Oxyanions 75 Table 5.1 Some oxyacids and oxyanions of the main group elements... 

In the same way the ball and stick diagrams of the remaining oxyacids and oxyanions may be considered, with appropriate expansion of the central element octet. 

In this way the concept of formal charge may be used to distinguish the most stable structure of alternative Lewis structures of simple inorganic molecules, cations, and anions, including oxyacids and oxyanions. 

The oxyacids and oxyanions of boron exhibit a multitude of formulas and structures. Trigonal BO3 units are most common, but tetrahedral BO4 units also occur. 

The Group 3A Elements Phosphorus Oxides and Oxyacids Oxyacids and Oxyanions... 

Oxoacid and oxoanion are alternate terms for oxyacid and oxyanion. 

Many polyatomic ions are produced by the loss of hydrogen ions from oxyacids. A few examples of the relationship between oxyacids and oxyanions are shown below. 

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