4-2 oxidation state compounds with oxoanions

Metals with high oxidation numbers tend to act somewhat like nonmetals. For example, many transition metals form oxoanions, such as permanganate ion, chromate ion, and dichromate ion, in which the metal is covalently bonded to oxygen. The ability to form covalent bonds to oxygen is evidence of these metals more covalent nature. (In their low oxidation states, most metals typically exist in ionic compounds as monatomic cations.) Titanium(lV) chloride is an example of a compound in which the... 

There are substantial variations on the eoordination numbers and geometries for actinide compounds containing a chemically inert, but stereochemically active, lone-pair of eleetrons. These oxoanions are to varying degrees oxidizing in nature and therefore it is expeeted that the penta- and hexavalent oxidation state will be found for the early actinides. This predietion is bom out with iodate (a... 

E9.14 The atomic number of P is 15. The Z + 8 element has an atomic number of 23 and is V (vanadium). Both form compounds with varying oxidation states up to a maximum value of +5. Both form stable oxides including ones in +5 oxidation state (V2O5 and P1O5). Like phosphorus, vanadium forms oxoanions including ortho-, pyro-, and meta-anions. Consult Section 15.5 for analogous phosphorus oxoanions. 

Complex oxides are normally found when a nonmetal is present, with oxoanions such as nitrate NO.v, carbonate -0 a > phosphate or sulfate SOj, but are also sometimes formed by metals in high oxidation states (e g. permanganate MnO jn KMnOA When a compound contains two... 

The maximum oxidation state is generally found in compounds of the transition elements with very electronegative elements, such as F and O (in oxides and oxoanions). 

Neither element shows any simple aqueous chemistry in the M(IV) state, as the oxides M02 are insoluble in water at all pH values. Reaction of Sn02 in molten KOH gives the octahedral hydroxanion [Sn(OH)6]2-, in contrast to the normal tetrahedral silicates and germinates, but in parallel with isoelectronic compounds such as Te(OH)6 also found in period 5. Other stannates are mixed oxides without discrete oxoanions (e.g. CaSn03 with the perovskite structure). 

Vanadium forms at tetravalent state an oxoanion V2O7 which can combine with rare earth, forming the R2V2O7 vanadites (Shin-ike et al., 1977). Trivalent vanadium forms rare earth compounds having the formula RVO3. These compounds, however, cannot be considered as complex compounds but are binary oxides with perovskite structure (Wold and Ward, 1954 Reuter and Wollnik, 1963 Palanisamy et al., 1975). 

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