Oxidation-reduction environments, suboxic

Murray JW, Codispoti LA, Friederich GE (1995) Oxidation-reduction environments the suboxic zone in the Black Sea. In Huang CP, O Melia CR, Morgan JJ (eds) Aquatic chemistry interfacial and interspecies processes. Adv Chem Ser. ACS, Washington,... 

Suboxic metabolism, which includes nitrate, manganese and iron reduction, does not generally seem to form a discrete layer due to the relatively low levels of nitrate available under natural conditions and the insoluble nature of manganese oxyhydroxides and iron oxides. These reactions appear to be restricted, where they are apparent at all, to micro-environments, but since, of the reduction reactions in Table 6.1, they are the only ones to generate alkaline conditions, they may be important for the precipitation and preservation of carbonate minerals. 

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