Oxidation general principles

Many of the reactions of oxoacids and oxoanions involve oxidation and reduction. There are certain general principles that apply, regardless of the particular species involved. 

The majority of potentiometric titrations involve chemical reactions which can be classified as (a) neutralisation reactions, (b) oxidation-reduction reactions, (c) precipitation reactions or (d) complexation reactions, and for each of these different types of reaction, certain general principles can be enunciated. 

Evans, Nicoll, Strause and Waring46 oxidized D-glucose and D-fructose in aqueous solution with excess cupric acetate at 50° for the purpose of ascertaining whether the general principles underlying the mechanism of carbohydrate oxidation in alkaline solutions are sufficient to explain the course of such oxidations in acid solutions. D-Glucosone was claimed to be one of the first products of oxidation the osone was not isolated, and,... 

Finally, some calculations equivalent to those performed with Mn and Co were carried out for oxides of the other 3d transition metals, from Ti to Cu, to demonstrate some general principles governing this class of materials. 

The general principle of methyl group reactivity is also seen in the oxidation of 7,9,10-trimethylbenz[c]acridine to give the 7-formyl compound (68), the 9- and 10-methyl groups being unaffected (Scheme 62) (64JCS5622). 

The general principle that we have followed in the molecular design of the polynuclear species is based on the introduction of a metal-containing moiety which can be directly bound to the surface of the semiconductor and can be interconverted between two oxidation states at a potential close to V versus SCE. This should allow to maximize the electronic coupling with the semiconductor and promote color changes by applying a small potential difference between the... 

Peyton G R, Huang F Y, Burleson J L, Glaze W H (1982) Destruction of Pollutants in Water with Ozone in Combination with Ultraviolet Radiation. 1. General Principles and Oxidation of Tetrachloroethylene, Environmental Science Technology 16 448-453. 

II. Functionalization of the Angular Methyl Groups / 237 General principles of substitution / 237 Lead tetraacetate oxidations / 240 Hypohalite reactions / 246 Photolysis of nitrites (Barton reaction) / 253 A-Chloroamine reactions (Hoffmann-Lofller reaction) / 257 Ketone irradiations / 260 Summary / 264... 

We have seen how ALPH, whilst it successfully rationalises a number of observations of reactivity of compounds at the acyl level of oxidation, nonetheless fails as a general principle, and that these failures are particularly frequent in the reactions of compounds at the aldehyde level of oxidation, such as acetals. Moreover, its theoretical foundation, the frontier orbital explanation of the anomeric effect, seems to be, at the very least, incomplete in its rationalisation of ground state effects, and therefore an insecure basis on which to found a dogma about transition states. 

---