Origin gamma

The original GAMMA paper contains an excellent description of what is required of a simulation package that implements a reasonably complete model of the quantum mechanical evolution of a spin system under the influence of a pulse sequence. For anyone seriously interested in the implementation details required for NMR simulation consultation of that paper is highly recommended. Here an overview is provided for completeness. 

In stacked reservoirs, such as those found in deltaic series, it is common to find that some zones are not drained effectively. Through-casing logs such as thermal neutron and gamma ray spectroscopy devices can be run to investigate whether any layers with original oil saturations remain. Such zones can be perforated to increase oil production at the expense of wetter wells. 

FIG. 23-12 Comp arison of RTD models, all with the same variance and skewness. Values of C/Cq of segregated conversion of a first-order reaction with kt = 3 original, 0.1408 gamma, 0.1158 Gauss, 0.1148 GC, 0.1418. 

Gamma ray The shortest wavelength and highest energy type of all electromagnetic radiation. It originates in the nucleus of radioactive isotopes along with alpha particle, beta particle, or neutron emissions. 

Half-life is the time taken to decrease the concentration of a drug to one-half its original value. There may be several phases in the elimination, and the most common is the so-called beta-phase. Alpha-phase is a distribution phase and gamma-phase is the terminal phase when the drug is finally leaving the tissues. 

Gamma rays (y rays), which are high-energy, short wavelength, electromagnetic radiation particles that originate from within the nucleus... 

The origin of the rays was initially a mystery, because the existence of the atomic nucleus was unknown at the time. However, in 1898, Ernest Rutherford took the first step to discover their origin when he identified three different types of radioactivity by observing the effect of electric fields on radioactive emissions (Fig. 17.4). Rutherford called the three types a (alpha), (3 (beta), and y (gamma) radiation. 

Of the other HCH isomers, the alpha and beta forms are less toxic than the gamma form. However, the beta form is more persistent than the gamma form, and unacceptably high residues have sometimes been reported in foods originating from countries where technical HCH is still used (Environmental Health Criteria 123). 

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