Oriented PANI films and fibres

The possibility to prepare fibres and films, apart from offering a more versatile processing route and affording 

No really new crystal structures have been found in these oriented PANI systems. The oriented diffiaction has been explored to obtain answers to several questions about the relationship between the amorphous and crystalline fractions in PANI (Fischer el al. 

When solutions of several wt% emeraldine base PANI in NMP are left standing at room temperature, they gel spontaneously. In this process, small crystallites grow at entanglement sites and a network based on physical crosslinks is formed. The gelation time depends strongly on concentration and molecular weight, since gelation relies on chain overlap. 

Other authors have found crystallinity in films to be induced by drawing, without explicitly going through a network state [310,313]. Whether or not crystallinity is enhanced seems to depend on the initial degree of crystallinity, a factor which is not always known or stated in publications. 

Owing to the orientation present in stretch-aligned films, it has been possible to probe and analyse the dynamics of the phenyl rings, by means of inelastic neutron scattering (Sauvajol et al. [314]). 

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