Organic phases, distribution potential, ITIE

A reference electrode which can directly be dipped in the organic phase is not available, except the AgPh4B/Ag electrode [44]. It is customary to use a nonpolarized liquid-liquid interface, i.e., a reference ITIES. The potential drop across this interface is primarily determined by an ionic species distributed commonly in both aqueous and organic phases. There are two points to be taken into account in using this reference ITIES the deviation from nernstian behavior and limited reversibility. 

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