Orbital state

For molecules with an even number of electrons, the spin function has only single-valued representations just as the spatial wave function. For these molecules, any degenerate spin-orbit state is unstable in the symmetric conformation since there is always a nontotally symmetric normal coordinate along which the potential energy depends linearly. For example, for an - state of a C3 molecule, the spin function has species da and E that upon... 

Several characteristics of the metal beam have been studied in detail. It is well known that metal clusters and metal oxides are formed as a result of the ablation process. However, these potentially interfering species have been studied in detail130 and it has been concluded that they do not introduce any doubt as to the validity of the experimental results. Much more important than cluster or oxide formation are the atomic electronic state populations of the metal beams. For each metal reactant, these have been characterized using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) excitation spectroscopy. For Y, only the two spin-orbit states of the ground electronic state (a Dz/2 and a D-3,/2) were observed.123... 

Table 4. The percent population of On from the triplet channel in v > 26 as a function of photolysis wavelength and spin-orbit state of the counter fragment. Note that the thermodynamic threshold for the generation of 02(v = 26) is at 241.6nm.

Table 5. The branching ratios into the three spin-orbit states of the oxygen atom fragment as a function of photolysis wavelength in the Hartley band. Note that a statistical yield would give a branching ratio of 5 3 1, or as percentages, 55.5 33.3 11.1.

Third, there are clear differences in the images for dissociation at the same wavelength while probing different spin-orbit states. Two effects contribute to these differences. One is the slight difference in energy in the atomic states, most easily seen in the data at 234 nm where the 0(3P2) data clearly has the strong contribution from vibrationally-excited O2 while the other spin-orbit states do not. In this case the threshold for the dynamical process that forms the vibrationally-excited products has been crossed by the 158.265 cm-1 of the spin-orbit excitation. The second effect is that due to the nature of the J-level. It is known that there is a v—J correlation from the angular fits as well as from the fact that when the polarization of the... 

Instead of solving these equations they can be analyzed according to the known rules for addition of angular momenta, applied to the orbital and spin degrees of freedom with the variables k and a. In general there are three different wave functions YjM corresponding to three orbital states, Yj(M. 

In this expression, cfaa is an operator representing the creation of an electron with spin ct(ct =t or J,) and orbital state a at site i, cirm is the corresponding annihilation operator, and the operator htrln = cltncirm appearing in... 

Thermal distributions of NO(u 2, J, A Ej,) states were observed, wherein the population in any level was determined by the internal energy and the parameter Tr. and independent of spin-orbit state or lambda doublet species. This is in contrast to the rotational rainbows, the propensities for preferential population in the Il(A ) lambda doublet species and the Fj spin orbit state which were observed in direct inelastic scattering of NO/Ag(l 11). 

Fig. 11. Population distributions observed in the non-Boltzmann laser-induced desorption channel for NO/Pt(l 11). Populations in the higher (open cirdes) Fj and lower energy ( + ) F] spin-orbit states are distinguished. The heating laser wavelength was 532 nm.

Jahn-Teller effect phys chem The effect whereby, except for linear molecules, degenerate orbital states in molecules are unstable. yan tel-ar i.fekt)... 

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