Optical transmittance, poly solutions

CEL solutions were obtained by dissolving poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) and a diazoniun salt (D2, D3 or D4) in aqueous acetic acid. The solutions were spin-coated on a conventional photoresist layer formed on a silicon wafer. CEL layers on quartz substrate were used for optical transmittance measurements. 

Figure 6. Temperature dependence of optical transmittance for poly(NIPAAm-co-Ru(bpy)3) solutions under the different conditions of reduced Ru(II) state (in Ce(lll) solution) and oxidized Ru(III) state (in Ce(IV) solution). (Reproduced from reference 25. Copyright 2002 American Chemical Society.)...

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) is used to produce fibers or is processed as a thermoplastic material by injectionmolding or blow-molding. Sorption of pyrrole in films of this polymer followed by immersion of the film in an aqueous FeCls solution produced blends of polypyrrole and poly(ethylene tere late). The 30 /zm thick film obtained presented high optical transmittance at 633 nm and a conductivity in the range of 0.03-0.1 S cm [65]. Authors suggest that polypyrrole is distributed uniformly in the free volume of the poly(ethylene tereftalate) host, forming a conducting network at low concentrations (5%). 

Figure 7.9 Oscillating profiles of optical transmittance for poly(NIPAAm-co-Ru(bpy)j +)(Ru(bpy)5 + =5 wt%) solution at constant temperatures.

Figure 7.14 Chemical structure of poly(NIPAAm-co-Ru(bpy)j +-co-AMPS-co-MAPTAC) (a) and the oscillating profiles of the optical transmittance for the polymer solution at 12 °C when only MA (0.7 M fine dotted line, 0.5 M rough dotted line, 0.3 M solid line) is added to the solution (b).

Figure 9 Optical responses to 8 ns, 10 Hz pulses of 532 mn laser light, of dichloromethane solutions (0.70mg/mL) of hyperbranched poly(phenylenesilolene)s. Data for PPA and Ceo solutions are shown for comparison. Linear transmittance (%) 70 (7a), 80 (7b), 82 (7c), 85 (7d), 79 (C6o). 75 (PPA).

Barrau and co-workers have found that amphiphilic palmitic add could be favorable for an efSdent dispersion of CNTs in an epoxy matrix. The hydrophobic part of palmitic acid was absorbed onto the surface of CNTs, whereas the hydrophilic head group induced electrostatic repulsions between CNTs, effeaively preventing their aggregation. The cosolvent has also been found to affect the dispersion of CNTs in polymer matrix. Very recently, Camponeschi a reported the use of trifluoroacetic acid as a cosolvent for the dispersion of MWNTs in a conjugated polymer poly (3-hexylthiophene) and PMMA via a solution process. SEM, optical microscopy, and light transmittance studies indicated that a better dispersion of CNTs in polymer matrices was obtained by using trifluoroacetic acid. Many other polymer composites such as polyurethane/CNT, PS/CNT, epoxy/ CNT, poly(vinyl alcohol)/CNT, " P(MMA-co-EMA)/ CNT, polyacrylonitrile/CNT, and polyethylene/CNT have also been fabricated by this method. ... 

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