Operational temperature, radical side-chain

Fig. 6 High p,T operation for the radical side-chain bromination of m-nitro toluene in a micro-mixer-reactor setup. The large increase in operational temperature increases conversion at good selectivities, which tend to decline slightly with temperature. The two-fold substituted product, m-nitro toluene benzal bromide, is formed in larger amounts at temperatures above 200°C (IMM, unpublished results)...

The hydroxylation of phenol on TS-1 is normally operated in a slurry reactor, at temperatures close to 100°C, with total consumption of the oxidant. The selectivities on phenol and H2O2 are generally in the ranges 90-95% and 80-90%, respectively. The hydroquinone to catechol ratio is well in excess of the statistical value of 1 2, owing to lower steric requirements for / -hydro-xylation and the faster diffusion of the p-substituted product (Table 2). Yields and kinetics are strictly related to the content of lattice Ti. It should be emphasized that any extra-framework Ti species, present as impurities on TS-1, are the major source of unproductive side reactions, such as H2O2 decomposition and unselective radical chain oxidations. 

Anionically Initiated Polymerization. The disadvantages of radical polymerization of cyanoprene result from the operating conditions (temperatures) too many side reactions, chain-terminating reactions, and consecutive reactions occur. Because of this and the dimerization tendency of cyanoprene, catalysts had to be found that could fulfill two contradictory requirements. They should be so reactive that it would be possible to work at temperatures that exclude dimerizations as com-... 

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