Open-path phase

One can trace the continuous evolution of 0 (or of 0/2) as <() describes the circle q = constant. This will yield the topological phase (as well as intermediate, open-path phase during the circling). We illustrate this in the next two figures for the case q > 1 (encircling the ci s). 

The open-path phase [11,14] associated with a component amplitude can be obtained as the imaginary part of an integral... 

Experimental observation of topological phases is difficult, for one reason (among others) that the dynamic-phase part (which we have subtracted off in our formalism, but is present in any real situation) in general oscillates much faster than the topological phase and tends to dominate the amplitude behavior [306-312]. Several researches have addressed this difficulty, in particular, by neutron-interferornehic methods, which also can yield the open-path phase [123], though only under restricted conditions [313]. 

Sulfur dioxide 0-20 ppm 0.5 ppb Fluorescence dual-channel ratiometric phase detection or DOAS open path... 

P. Vujkovic-Cvijin, Infrared Derivative Spectroscopy For Open Path Sensing, TR-467, Phase I Final Report, Spectral Sciences contract 2923.1 (2006). 

Figure 5 Free energy surface at l l(Fig. 5a) [22, 24, 28] and 1 3 (Fig. 5b) [23, 24, 33] stoichiometries in the vicinity of disordered state ( f=0.0) at T—. 7Q and 1.6, respectively. The solid line in left-hand (right-hand) figure indicates the kinetic path evolving towards the L q LI2 ordered phase when the system is quenched from T—2.5 (3.0) down to 1.70 (1.60), while the broken lines are devolving towards disordered phase. The open arrows on the contour surface designate the direction of the decrease of free energy, and the arrows on the kinetic path indicate the direction of time evolution or devolution.

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