Oligothiophenes traps

Longer oligothiophenes such as 6T or higher, give spectra which are very similar to (real) polythiophenes, e.g. a band-gap of around 2.2-2.3 eV This can either be due to a short effective conjugation length of polythiophene or due to defect induced gap-states (X-traps, see below) [ 150]. 

Figure 13.24. Schematic presentation of probable decay mechanisms in oligothiophene thin films. X X-traps k, k-, fej-r - rate...

Figure 41. Schematic presentation of probable decay mechanisms in oligothiophene thin films. X X-traps k, k r, kf, kcr rate constants for radiative, non-radiative, and fluorescence decay and the transition into the charge-transfer state, respectively kT thermal energy E external or internal electric field [181],...

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