Oil, extraction from plants

In many cases the approach and techniques of the complementary therapies have a scientific basis. This is particularly true for aromatherapy using essential oils extracted from plants. Aromatherapy is scientific in terms of the biochemical and physiological functioning of the body and works in conjunction with the more esoteric and spiritual needs of the individual. It is naive... 

When considering quality and composition of an essential oil the method of extrachon plays a crucial role. An essential oil is that oil extracted from plant material that is volatile at room temperature, but there are a number of other products whose nature and means of production need to be clarified - absolutes, resinoids, tinctures, floral waters, etc. (see Fig. 4.1). 

Perfume A fragrant material, traditionally a mixture of alcohol and fragrant essential oils extracted from plants but now more likely to be a blend of synthetic chemicals. 

In addition to common organic solvents, supercritical fluids (scf s) can be used for a great variety of extraction processes [158 165], Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), mostly carried out with SC-CO2 as eluant, has many advantages compared to extractions with conventional solvents. The solvent strength of a supercritical fluid can easily be controlled by the pressure and temperature used for the extraction at a constant temperature, extraction at lower pressures will favour less polar analytes, while extraction at higher pressures will favour more polar and higher molar mass analytes. As supercritical fluids such as CO2 and N2O have low critical temperatures (tc = 31 °C and 36 °C, respectively), SFE can be performed at moderate temperatures to extract thermolabile compounds. Typical industrial applications using SC-CO2 include caffeine extraction from coffee beans [158] as well as fat and oil extraction from plant and animal tissues [165]. For some physical properties of supercritical solvents, see Section 3.2. 

Isopropyl alcohol dissolves many other organic compounds easily, so it finds wide use as a solvent for gums essential and other kinds of oils alkaloids certain types of plastics derivatives of cellulose paints, varnishes, shellacs, and other types of coatings and quick-drying inks. Essential oils are oils extracted from plants that have therapeutic value. Alkaloids are organic bases that contain the element nitrogen. 

Solvent extraction has long been used for the isolation of essential oils from natural products. This technique uses either pure organic solvents or mixtures, Organie solvent extraction assisted by ultrasound, also known as sonieation, is another teehnique widely used for the isolation of essential oils/extracts from plants. Thus, sonieation methods based on 20-30 minutes of extraction with methanol-chloroform mixtures have been used for the isolation of white elove essential oil [37] and eyanogenie glueosides [38],... 

Oil Extracted before the Oil Extracted after the Formation of the Buds. 4. Oil Extracted from the Flowering Plants. 

Peppermint oil is the volatile oil extracted from the fresh leaves of the flowering plant of Mentha piperita via steam distillation. Peppermint oil contains not less than 44% menthol. American peppermint oil contains from 50 to 78% of free /-menthol (Fig. 13.12.1) and from 5 to 20% combined in various es-... 

How are essential oils for aromatherapy extracted from plants ... 

Consider using antimicrobial essential oils or perfumes extracted from plants in place of proprietary preservatives to make products with natural protection claims. 

As everyone knows, plants have been used for centuries in herbalism, homeopathy, and aromatherapy because of their medicinal qualities. The long-term use of plants has led to recent observations about their antioxidant properties (1, 2). Many scientists have observed antioxidant activities in compounds derived from the volatile constituents (3, 4) and essential oil extracts - of plants. They have reported that ingestion of these volatile chemicals can prevent lipid peroxidation, which is associated with diseases such as cancer, leukemia, and arthritis. In the present study, analysis and antioxidative tests on the volatile extract isolated from a commercial beer were performed. Why did we choose beer We chose beer because... 

Monoterpenes are the main constituents of a group of compounds that are known as the essential oils. They are extracted from plants and animals and have been used as perfumes, medicines and spices for thousands of years (Figure 1.26). 

Biodegradability Pure essential oils are extracted from plants and therefore will biodegrade in the same manner as plants. 

Concrete The aromatic, waxy or fatty extract from plant material obtained by washing with a hydrocarbon solvent (such as hexane). Concretes are usually solid or semi-solid and contain essential oil, wax and soluble plant materials like pigments. 

The effects of biochemical use are at various folds, but the major direct substation of biochemicals for petrochemicals is found at the upstream of chemical production processes. For instance, the oil distraction from crops is far less harmful than the oil extraction from petroleum. In the case of phenol, making phenol from plants is estimated to generate 80 percent less pollutants than making phenol from petroleum. Another example is limonene. Limonene derived from citrus fruit... 

Large integrated units combining virgin oil extraction from rapeseed, or soybean, or palm with downstream refining and transesterification with methanol.The minimum step-in size for such plants seems to be 100,000 MT a year (30 million gallon). 

The choice of the term oil or fat usually is based on tradition and the physical state of the material. Generally, oils are liquid at ambient temperatures, and fats are semisolid mixtures of crystals in oil. Fats often are of animal origin (beef tallow, pork lard, and butter fat) or hardened (hydrogenated, interester-ified, or thermally fractionated) vegetable oils, whereas oils are extracted from plant seeds or tissues or fish. In English-speaking countries outside the United States, oils liquid at room temperature sometimes are called soft oils, and those hard or pasty are called hard oils. Nutritionists generally use fats for solids or liquids. 

Biodegradable polymers that are based on renewable resources include polyesters such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Biodegradable polymers can also be made from extracts from plants and vegetables such as corn, maize, palm oil, soya and potatoes. 

Lactone 231 was one of the 58 components identified in the volatile oil extracted from Dysosma versipellis, a Chinese plant in therapeutic use <2004MI143>. Tetrahydrobenzofuran 232 was isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma zedoaria Rose., a herb found in East Asia <2004MI9>. The tropical plant Ageratum conyzoides L., Asteraceae, found in Central America, is a widely used medicinal plant which also has insecticidal properties. The benzofuran 233 is one of the components of its essential oil <1998P1385>. 

---