Occupational Safety and Health requirements

Identification of hazards and controlling hazards within the workplace are the responsibilities of the employer and the company s management. Because employers are in control of the workplace, they have the right to set and enforce their own occupational safety and health requirements. 

For your information, the State of Kentucky administers its own occupational safety and health program under a plan approved and monitored by Federal OSHA. Therefore, employers in the State of Kentucky must comply with State occupational safety and health requirements. As a condition of plan approval, States are required to adopt and enforce occupational safety and health standards that are at least as effective as those promulgated by Federal OSHA. For the most part, Kentucky standards are identical to the Federal... 

Part 1928, Occupational Safety and Health Requirements for Agriculture... 

Recently, when it came time to decide on a textbook to use for a course on occupational safety and health in the chemical industry, we were surprised to find out that currently there are few to no texts on the subject available. It is for this reason (and others) that this text was written. Specifically, as the title (and not the opening statement by Hunter S. Thompson) implies, this book deals with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) occupational safety and health requirements for the chemical industry. 

Although this book primarily deals with OSHA s occupational safety and health requirements for workers in the chemical industry, it is important to recognize that many safety and health regulations are affected by federal laws. The federal statutes listed in table 1.1 affect the manner by which manufacturers identify the contents of products... 

The identification of pollution prevention options has become a maintenance requirement. In addition to these requirements, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) performed its first investigation of indoor air quahty. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has also begun to research air quahty. 

Health and Safety. Petroleum and oxygenate formulas are either flammable or combustible. Flammables must be used in facUities that meet requirements for ha2ardous locations. Soak tanks and other equipment used in the removing process must meet Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for use with flammable Hquids. Adequate ventilation that meets the exposure level for the major ingredient must be attained. The work environment can be monitored by active air sampling and analysis of charcoal tubes. 

At the fan-tip speeds required for economical performance, a large amount of noise is produced. The predominant source of noise is vortex shedding at the traihug edge of the fan blade. Noise control of aircooled exchangers is required oy the Occupational Safety and Health... 

Exceptions to the preceding requirements would apply where explosionproof equipment is needed building ceiling heights are such that the standard 3.7-m (12-ft) lift is all that wih ever be needed and loads will never exceed 1 to 1.5 tons. Safety requirements for lift trucks are mandated by OSHA, by NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health), by State Depts. of Labor, and often by individual company standards. Among these requirements are backup-movement signals, seat belts, overhead framework for pro-... 

The book does not focus on occupational safety and health issues, although improved process safety can benefit each area. Detailed engineering designs are outside the scope of the book. This book intends to identify issues and concerns in batch reaction systems and provides potential solutions to address these concerns. This should be of value to process design engineers, operators, maintenance personnel, as well as members of process hazards analysis teams. While the book offers potential solutions to specific issues/concerns, ultimately the user needs to make the case for the solutions that best satisfy their company s requirements for a balance between risk reduction and cost. In many instances the book provides one or more sources of additional information on the subject which could be of value to the reader. 

Rrst responders are divided into two levels of competency first responder awcireness and first responder of>-erational. First responders at the awareness level shall be trained to meet all of the requirements of Section -2 of this chapter and first responders at the operational level shall be trained to meet all of the requirements of Section 2 and Section -3 of this chapter. All first responders shall receive annual training to meet federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements. 

The required notification must be provided at ieast annually In writing. Acceptable forms of notice are, for example, a letter, product labeling, and product literature distributed to customers. If you are required to prepare and distribute a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the mixture under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard, your section 313 notification may be attached to the MSDS or the MSDS may be modified to include the required information. (A sample letter and recommended text for inclusion in an MSDS appear on pages E-4 and E-5 of this appendix.)... 

The basis for design overpressure described in this section is related to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes and ANSI B31.3, Code for Petroleum Refinery Piping. Compliance with these codes is a requirement, or is recognized as the equivalent of a requirement in many locations. Where more stringent codes apply, the local requirements must be met. Therefore, local codes must be checked to determine their requirements. For example, some countries do not permit the use of block valves underneath pressure relief valves, unless dual valves with interlocks are installed. Also, in some cases, 20% accumulation under fire exposure conditions is not permitted, and accumulation allowed may be lower than the ASME Codes. In the United States, the ASME Code is mandatory, since it is a requirement under the Occupational Safety and Health... 

Modified ElAZWOPER Categories and Training Requirements for Emergency Responders Adopted from U.S. Department of Energy Handbook for Occupational Safety and Health, June 1996. pp. 4—12. 

A leader in applying PSA to other parts of the chemical process industry has been the AlChf. s Center for Chemical Process Safety. A major difference between PSA for nuclear power and PSA for chemical processing has been the lack of government regulations that require risk analysis for chemical processes. A primary impetuous has been the Occupational Safety and Health Administration s (OSHA) PSM rule that defines the application of PSA to the chemical industry for ihc proteciion of the public and workers. In addition, the Environmental Protection Agcrii, . (EPA) regulates waste disposal. 

Interior wiring design and installation for most commercial and industrial uses should follow the National Electrical Code (NEC) which has been a national standard since 1970 with the passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). Some localities, however, may not accept the NEC and require that their own (more stringent) standards be followed. 

H. Safety considerations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), US Department of Labor, standard entitled Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories (29 CFR 1910.1450) makes it necessary to address safety issues in the SOP. The standard requires laboratories that use hazardous chemicals to maintain employee exposures at or below the permissible exposure limits specified for these chemicals in 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z. Hazards associated with any specific chemicals used in a method must be addressed so that the user has the information needed to follow the Chemical Hygiene Plan for their laboratory. The method developer should limit the use of hazardous chemicals where feasible. The use of toxic and/or carcinogenic reagents should be avoided or eliminated as much as possible. Additionally, the cost of disposal is increasing and could impact the practicality of a method. Material Safety Data Sheets for the analyte(s) and any unusual or hazardous reagents should be provided for the user. 

The amount of ventilation required, like the amount of lighting, depends upon the circumstances. Some general rules are given in Table 8-8.44,45 Note that there are several guidelines and that in some instances more than one may apply. When this occurs the requirements for each should be calculated and the maximum rate used. None of these guidelines applies to hazardous areas, where the air may have to be moved more rapidly. Some estimates are given in Table 8-9. Safety guidelines and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act) rules should be consulted under these conditions. 

Material Safety Data Sheet May be used to comply with OSHA s Hazard Communication Standard. 25 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements. U.S. Department of Labor A Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Non-Mandatory Form) Form Approved 0MB No. 1218-0072... 

The design requirements for intrinsically safe would seem to be demanding, and a review of NFPA 493 enforces this fact. Today s industrial environment imposes additional requirements not only on the use of intrinsically safe electrical circuits, but other hazardous electrical techniques as well. These requirements are due to the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the employer s increasing vulnerability for liability. 

Ingestion Toxicity Data are available for the acute (single-dose) ingestion/oral toxicity of many toxic materials (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, 1983 Lewis, Sax s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9th ed., 1996). However, very few data are available for prolonged ingestion or periodic doses of toxic materials. It is likely that metabolic processes would operate to increase the total burden required for toxic effects for such chronic exposures, except for some materials (such as mercury and lead) which apparently can accumulate in the body. 

One of the best ways to determine that potential is to examine the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), which by law in most jurisdictions must be provided by the manufacturer for any hazardous material used in the workplace and made available to the employees by plant management. The MSDS provides all the information necessary to determine the hazard potential and the requirements for control of any hazardous substance. Still other information can be found in the various guidelines published by the American Industrial Health Association, or by the U.S. National Safety Council, or by NIOSH (the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) or various other national, state, or provincial government bodies. (See Appendix II for information on sources.) Once you have an inventory, of course, you can start relating potential health problems to possible sources in particular areas. Also, in the process of preparing this report, you will begin to build an invaluable library that will stand you in good stead for further consideration of the problems at hand. 

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