Occupational Safety and Health method

NIOSH. 1984. NIOSH manual of analytical methods. 3rd ed. Cinncinnati, OH U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Method 5508, 1-4. 

Eisen, E.A., Tolbert, R.E., Hallock, M.F, Monson, R.R., Smith, T.J. Woskie, S.R. (1994) Mortality studies of machining fluid e.xposure in the automobile industry. IE Aease-eontrol study of larynx cancer. Am. J. ind. Med., 26, 185-202 Eller, R.M., ed. (1994) NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (DHHS (NIOSH) Rubl. No. 94-113), 4th Ed., Cincirmati, OH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [Method 3509]... 

Eller, P.M., ed. (1994) NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (DHHS (NIOSH) Publ. No. 94-113), 4th Ed., Cincinnati, OH, United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [Method 3509]... 

The molecular weight of j6-naphthylamine is 143.2. It has a negligible vapor pressure until heated at 200°C the vapor pressure is 1 mmHg. The concentration of 2NA in the air can be determined using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health method 5518 and it oxidizes in air. Biological... 

It is good practice to keep concentrations of airborne nickel in any chemical form as low as possible and certainly below the relevant standard. Local exhaust ventilation is the preferred method, particularly for powders, but personal respirator protection may be employed where necessary. In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) personal exposure limit (PEL) for all forms of nickel except nickel carbonyl is 1 mg/m. The ACGIH TLVs are respectively 1 mg/m for Ni metal, insoluble compounds, and fume and dust from nickel sulfide roasting, and 0.1 mg/m for soluble nickel compounds. The ACGIH is considering whether to lower the TLVs for all forms of nickel to 0.05 mg/m, based on nonmalignant respiratory effects in experimental animals. 

High performance Hquid chromatography (hplc) may be used to determine nitroparaffins by utilizing a standard uv detector at 254 nm. This method is particularly appHcable to small amounts of nitroparaffins present, eg, in nitro alcohols (qv), which caimot be analyzed easily by gas chromatography. Suitable methods for monitoring and deterrnination of airborne nitromethane, nitroethane, and 2-nitropropane have been pubUshed by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (97). Ordinary sorbant tubes containing charcoal are unsatisfactory, because the nitroparaffins decompose on it unless the tubes are held in dry ice and analyzed as soon after collection as possible. 

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the analytical methods that are available for detecting, measuring, and/or monitoring methyl parathion, its metabolites, and other biomarkers of exposure and effect to methyl parathion. The intent is not to provide an exhaustive list of analytical methods. Rather, the intention is to identify well-established methods that are used as the standard methods of analysis. Many of the analytical methods used for environmental samples are the methods approved by federal agencies and organizations such as EPA and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Other methods presented in this chapter are those that are approved by groups such as the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and the American Public Health Association (APHA). Additionally, analytical methods are included that modify previously used methods to obtain lower detection limits and/or to improve accuracy and precision. 

Regulatory and advisory bodies publish methods for ambient air analysis such as those issued by the British Standards Inshtute and the US Environment Protechon Agency (Tables 10.24 and 10.25, respectively). Methods for assessment of workplace air are published by the Health and Safety Executive. Some of these are generic methods (Table 10.26) whilst others are compound specihc (Table 10.27). Examples of other official methods for moihtoring workplace air quality are those published by the British Standards Inshtute (Table 10.28), and the US Nahonal Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (Table 10.29). Table 10.30 provides addihonal guidance on analytical techniques for a selection of substances. 

H. Safety considerations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), US Department of Labor, standard entitled Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories (29 CFR 1910.1450) makes it necessary to address safety issues in the SOP. The standard requires laboratories that use hazardous chemicals to maintain employee exposures at or below the permissible exposure limits specified for these chemicals in 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z. Hazards associated with any specific chemicals used in a method must be addressed so that the user has the information needed to follow the Chemical Hygiene Plan for their laboratory. The method developer should limit the use of hazardous chemicals where feasible. The use of toxic and/or carcinogenic reagents should be avoided or eliminated as much as possible. Additionally, the cost of disposal is increasing and could impact the practicality of a method. Material Safety Data Sheets for the analyte(s) and any unusual or hazardous reagents should be provided for the user. 

OSHA, Method 52 (formaldehyde), in Analytical Methods Manual, US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA Analytical Laboratory, Salt Lake City, UT (1985). 

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