Oblique sections

In the case of an oblique section (Fig. 135), the sample is mounted at an angle a to the section plane. As a result, the coating thickness being examined (symbolized by d) is increased to  

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For assessing a close proximity situation with oblique sections, a map drawn to scale is necessary that shows the tracks of the interfering high-voltage power line or the stretch of electric railway line and the pipeline that is interfered with. 

Schmitz, H., Lucaveche, C., Reedy, M. K., and Taylor, K. A. (1994). Oblique section 3-D reconstruction of relaxed insect flight muscle reveals the cross-bridge lattice in helical registration. Biophys. J. 67, 1620-1633. 

Figure 7.70 Oblique section metallograph showing elongated grains...

Figure 6 Structure of dentine (a) Polished and etched longitndinal section ofacrocodihan tooth, showing the thin onter enamel layer (E) and the growth lines in the inner dentine (D). (b) Oblique section of orthodentine showing the tubules, (c) Oblique section of the orthodentine of a small mammal incisor showing the tubules, (d) Transverse section of the orthodentine of a small mammal tooth showing empty and filled tubules...

Figure. 7.10 The P-PCS membrane system in scaleworm photocytes (a)-(c) and lens (d). (a) A section identified as the [100] projection (mid to left regions of the section). It is best understood as cut between the 100 and the (llO) plane, at a distance of about 1/2, 0-1/2, 0, relative to the origin, (b) Complex projection along the [332] and the [553] directions. The latter is generated at a distance of approximately 5/4, 5/4,1/4. (c) Section cut normal to the [432] plane, (d) The P-PCS membrane in the lens of Lagisca extenuata. Oblique section corresponding to the [210], [221], and the [432] projections of the P-PCS. Figures (a)-(c) from [76], and figure (d) from [79], reproduced with permission.

Figure 7.13 The multicontinuous G-PCS membrane system identified as a part of SER retinal pigment epithelia cells of a river lamprey, (a) Projection along the [211] (left) and the [111] (upper right) directions. The lower ri t ows an oblique section which can be understood as cut between the (211) and the (111) planes. Scale bar 1 pm. (b) Eietail of the gyroid membrane showing the four approximately parallel membranes defining 5 different spaces. Scale bv 0.5 pm. Figs, (a) and (b) are reproduced from [92], with permission.

Figure 7.14 The SER associated gyroid membrane in adrenocortical cells of Salmo fitrio. (a) A rather thick section (> 0.5 times the unit cell edge) cut approximately normal to the 211) plane. Note the hatched low amplitude sinusoidal pattern, in between the large amplitude sinusoids. Compare this with Fig. 7.6(c) and its corresponding computer generated projection, (b) A typical oblique section of the gyroid membrane. From [57], reproduced with permission.

The UOR transect often makes an oblique section through the frontal boundary between the stratified and mixed areas. Simultaneous vertical sections of temperature and chlorophyll can be an aid to the interpretation of the complex structure at the boundary (7, 24). The spring bloom is dominated by diatom species, but in most summers a bloom of the dinoflagellate... 

Fig. 1. Organization of filaments in smooth muscle cells. A. Vas deferens smooth muscle cell shown in transverse section. Thick filaments are surrounded by multiple thin filaments throughout the cytoplasm. Dense bodies ("db ) are round or oval in shape in transverse section but elongated in shape in oblique sections. Arrow point to intermediate filaments (10 nm) that surround the dense bodies. B. Longitudinal section of portal anterior mesenteric vein smooth muscle cell. Thin filaments (arrows) can be seen inserting on both sides of the dense bodies (db). Intermediate filaments (arrowheads) extend laterally from dense bodies and sometimes connect a series of dense bodies to form a chain. Magnification x 70,000. Reproduced from Bond and Somlyo (1982) The Journal of Cell Biology 95 403-413 with permission of Rockefeller University Press...

Figure 1. Stacked series of nested arcs observed in oblique section in the connective tissue of Havelockia inermis, Holothuroid, Ech-inoderm. Phase contrast microscopy, paraffin section, Haematoxylin.

Figure 3. Oblique section of a cholesteric structure. The molecules appear to be aligned along arcs in the plane of the section.

Figure 7. Dinoflagellate chromosome (Trorocentnim micans), oblique sections. Arrows indicate the coiled bundles, (courtesy of F. Livolant).

Figure 136. 30° oblique section of a joint between the anode coating and the solid electrolyte of a high temperature fuel cell. 

The ball cratering method offers a genuine alternative to transverse and oblique sectioning techniques, because it can be performed with great simplicity, speed, and accuracy. In this method, a concave depression is ground into the sample surface by means of a steel ball rotating on a precisely centered spindle. An abrasive is introduced to the process in the form of a diamond suspension. 

Hardness measurements are often performed on a transverse or oblique section. This requires that the specimen be prepared without artifacts and that the indentation size be matched to the layer thickness. According to DIN 50133 T1 (T2), the lateral... 

The diffusion of Ni into Si, and into a transition layer between these elements in a diffusion couple, was studied at 470 to 1070K. The samples used were plates which were oriented in the (111) plane, and had dislocation densities of the order of 1000/cm2. Layers (0.0003mm) of Ni which contained Ni were then deposited onto the Si. The distribution of Ni in the Si single crystals and in the transition layers was determined via the autoradiography of oblique sections. It was found that the results at above 870K could be described by ... 

Harris LD (1981) Identification of the optimal orientation of oblique sections through multiple parallel CT images. J Comput Assist Tomogr 5 881-887... 

Figure 17.1 A diagram showing a helicoidal stack. The red lines are Bouligand arcs resulting from an oblique section.

The simplification of methodology of probability-based analysis and prediction of reliability indices of time-dependent structural and technical systems as systems of extreme events may be related to the autosystem concept. It is very useful and possible to separate the formats of probabilistic andysis of dynamic series autosystems with single and mixed particular elements (normal and oblique sections, connections, deflections) from static series, parallel and series-parallel systems consisting of autosystem components. 

Fig. 43. Above ch. 1) longitudinal section through interj se chromosome ch. c) cross section n) nucleolus n.m.) nuclear membrane. Below oblique section through hypothetical interphase chromosome. On the left micrograph an interpretation is given of the possible arrangement of the double helix cm the right of the same micro -graj (N frrevang l963).

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