Oakley sand

Figure 10.8. Chloride breakthrough curve measured for Oakley sand (from Nielsen and Biggar, 1962, with permission).

The soils employed in this study were Delhi (11) and Oakley (12) sands, in which most of the clay appears to be present as coatings on the sand particles. Characteristics of each soil are shown in Table I. Oakley sand is quite acidic. This can be explained (13, p. 282-289) by the substantial aluminum component of the exchangeable cations. 

The soil columns were 10 cm long and 5 cm in diameter. Special care was taken in packing the columns to avoid radial and longitudinal particle-size segregation (17). Fluid volumes in the columns averaged 73 cm for Oakley sand and 81 cm for Delhi sand. 

In the first half of the twentieth century much bone was dated using this method, and dates derived with it greatly contributed, for example, to unfolding the nature of the Piltdown bones (see Chapter 18). Experience has shown that bones buried in sand or gravel are suitable for dating with fluorine, while those buried in volcanic soils rarely yield useful dates dates derived from fluorine analysis results should, therefore, be used with caution (Schurr 1989 Oakley and Hoskins 1950). 

McAnear, C.L. (1969). Route 14 excavation alternatives for Cerro Gordo (Interoceanic Canal Studies). US Army Corps of Engineers. Jacksonville District Jacksonville FL. McAnear, C.L. (1972). Three-dimensional seepage model study, Oakley Dam, Sangamon River IL. Miscellaneous Papers. US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg. McAnear, C.L. (1975). Evaluation of vertical sand drains for St. Charles Parish Lakefront... 

Figure 8.27 The effect of sand/cement ratio on the tensile strength of GRC composites, derived from data presented by Oakley and Proctor [55]).

---