Numerical modeling fire whirls

Murgai and Emmons [451] and Emmons and Ying [169] describe integral plume models, which are calibrated with experimental data. Satoh and Yang [559] used the UND-S AFE code with associated 3d, compressible, buoyant, and constant turbulent viscosity specifications. Ten cases were considered which included validation exercises and parameter sensitivity studies. 

Battaglia et al., 2000 [44] simulated the laboratory experiments of Emmons and Ying, 1966 [169], Chigier et al., 1970 [120], and Satoh and Yang, 1997 [559], which included cases for fixed circulation and variable fire strength, fixed fire strength and variable circulation, and jointly varied fire strength and circulation. The numerical code used was the NIST shareware EDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) which includes 3d, compressible, buoyant and LES turbulent models [45] 

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Meroney, R.N. (2003) Fire Whirls, Fire Tornadoes and Fire Storms Physical and Numerical Modeling, Proceedings of PHYSmod2003 International Workshop on Physical Modeling of Flow and Dispersion Phenomena, Prato, Italy, 3-5 September 2003. 

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