Nuclear motion Schrodinger equation diabatic representation

This makes it desirable to define other representations in addition to the electronically adiabatic one [Eqs. (9)-(12)], in which the adiabatic electronic wave function basis set used in the Bom-Huang expansion (12) is replaced by another basis set of functions of the electronic coordinates. Such a different electronic basis set can be chosen so as to minimize the above mentioned gradient term. This term can initially be neglected in the solution of the / -electionic-state nuclear motion Schrodinger equation and reintroduced later using perturbative or other methods, if desired. This new basis set of electronic wave functions can also be made to depend parametrically, like their adiabatic counterparts, on the internal nuclear coordinates q that were defined after Eq. (8). This new electronic basis set is henceforth refened to as diabatic and, as is obvious, leads to an electronically diabatic representation that is not unique unlike the adiabatic one, which is unique by definition. 

U(qJ is referred to as an adiabatic-to-diabatic transformation (ADT) matrix. Its mathematical sbucture is discussed in detail in Section in.C. If the electronic wave functions in the adiabatic and diabatic representations are chosen to be real, as is normally the case, U(q ) is orthogonal and therefore has n n — l)/2 independent elements (or degrees of freedom). This transformation mabix U(qO can be chosen so as to yield a diabatic electronic basis set with desired properties, which can then be used to derive the diabatic nuclear motion Schrodinger equation. By using Eqs. (27) and (28) and the orthonormality of the diabatic and adiabatic electronic basis sets, we can relate the adiabatic and diabatic nuclear wave functions through the same n-dimensional unitary transformation matrix U(qx) according to... 

In the two-adiabatic-electronic-state Bom-Huang description of the total orbital wave function, we wish to solve the corresponding nuclear motion Schrodinger equation in the diabatic representation... 

For the two-state case with real electronic wave functions, the nuclear motion Schrodinger equations are given by (74) and (106) for the adiabatic and diabatic representations, respectively. For this case, all the matrices in those equations have dimensions 2X2 and the xad(R) and xd(R) vectors have dimensions 2X1, whereas those appearing in W(1)ad and W(1)d have the dimensions of R, namely, 3(N — 1) X 1 where N is the number of nuclei in the system. Equation (69) furnishes a more explicit version of (74) and the A(q) appearing in (106) is given by (107) with (3(q) obtained from (115). These versions of (74) and (106) are rigorously equivalent, once the appropriate boundary conditions for xad(R) and xd(R) discussed in Secs. III.B.l and III.B.2 are taken into account. The main differences between and characteristics of those equations are the following ... 

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