Normalised specific activity

If fallout of activity continues daily at a constant rate, the transfer factor from fallout to herbage, termed the Normalised Specific Activity by Chamberlain (1970), is... 

Pinder, J.E., McLeod, K.W., Simmonds, J.R. Linsley, G.S. (1985) Normalised specific activities for Pu deposition onto foliage. Health Physics, 49, 1280-3. 

In the case of prolonged deposition, due either to fallout from weapons detonations or operational releases from nuclear plant, Chamberlain (1970) developed a further function, the normalised specific activity (NSA) defined as ... 

Table 7-3. Normalised specific activity (NSA) for vegetation in poor growing conditions (data of Chamberlain in Coughtrey et al., 1990).

Clearly the majority of the electro-catalysts explored in Table 16.2 lend themselves to fuel cell applications. A key parameter to the success of the electrocatalytic sensing of ammonia involves the design of the catalyst. That is, a surface which gives rises to a large active surface area which also stabilises active intermediates and is of a composition to induce changes in the activation energy. The performance of the electro-catalyst is characterised by the mass activity (MA activity mass ) which is the current density (at a specific potential) normalised by the mass of the electro-catalyst which is related to the specific electrochemically active area (SSA area mass ) and the specific activity (SA activity area ) which is the current density normahsed by the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of the electro-catalyst. As such, the mass activity is the key parameter given by ... 

Finally in this section, I refer to the insight into the activation energy provided by Tolman. This depends on the notion that for collisions between reactants at a specific relative velocity, u, one can define a rate coefficient as the product of u and the reaction cross-section, a(u), with the result that the thermal rate constant, k(T), can (in principle) be found by first multiplying by a normalised function,/(m T), describing the distribution of relative velocities at temperature T, and then integrating the resulting expression... 

The repulsive term of equation (3.34) is related to the sizes of reactants, activated complex and solvent molecules, closely akin to AFiJtrOf the classical interpretation i.e. positive for a bond-breaking process. The compressibility effect on the critical-region activation volume contributes very significantly via the attractive term. Once it has been normalised out, specific solute solvent electrostatic interactions (dipole-dipole and induction forces) form the remaining attractive contribution. The van der Waals equation of state yields the following expression at infinite dilution ... 

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