Noradrenergic neuromodulatory system

Noradrenergic neuromodulatory system. The neurons that synthesize norepinephrine (molecular structure in box) are located in several brainstem nuclei including the nucleus locus coeruleus, from which axons extend caudally (to the spinal cord), locally (to the brainstem and cerebellum), and rostrally (to the thalamus, subthalamus, limbic system, and to the cerebral cortex). Compare with figure 2.1 to identify structures shown. 

Neuromodulatory transmitter inputs to MOB. Darkfield photomicrographs showing the distribution of cholinergic (a), noradrenergic (b), and serotonergic (c) fibers revealed respectively with immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), dopamine-jS-hydroxylase (DBH), and serotonin (5-HT). Reprinted from Handbook of Chem. Neuroanat. Integrated Sys. CNS, Vol. 12, Part III, Chapter III, The Olfactory System, M. Shipley et al., pp. 469-573, 1996, with permission from Elsevier, Ltd... 

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