Nonventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia

V. THE ARGUMENT FOR BRONCHOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF VENTILATOR- AND NONVENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA... 

IV. VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED AND NONVENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA RATES... 

In contrast, Bartlett (52), when using transtracheal aspiration in nonventilator-associated pneumonia patients before the institution of antibiotic therapy, was able to identify 35% of anaerobes of 159 episodes of nosocomial pneumonia however, 93% were polymicrobial, which included isolation of aerobic organisms. The most commonly isolated anaerobes were Peptostrepto-coccus, Peptococcus, Fusobacterium, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Bacte-roides fragilis. 

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