Nonionizing radiation applications

The commercial application of polymer blend technology has grown significantly such that, today, compositions are available with properties that once were substantially unattainable with homopolymers. To date, polymer blends have been applied in optical fibers [13,14], microlenses [15], liquid crystal display components [16,17], solar cells [18-20], nonionizing radiation detection [21] and polymer light-emitting diodes [22-24]. In particular, the use of developed polymer blends in optoelectronics applications appears unlimited. Polymer blends may also provide model systems in statistical physics when studying the fundamental aspects of equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties [3], optical properties [25], and mechanical and electrical properties [26]. 

Table 1 Frequency spectrum of the electromagnetic field radiation in the frequency range of 0-10 ° Hz. It includes some examples of broadly used applications and also shows the separation between nonionizing and ionizing radiation as a function of the frequency range...

Preparation of a wide array of crystalline metal oxides via the radiation method was discussed. Special attention was devoted to materials synthesis via formation of solid phase from irradiated aqueous solutions containing metal salts, OH radical scavengers, and possibly other additives, such as surfactants. Materials synthesized via the radiation method are usually nano sized, with narrow distribution of particle size. Various types of applied radiation (both ionizing and nonionizing) often yield similar results with regard to composition and morphology of prepared materials. Convenient properties of prepared oxide compounds make them prospective materials for consideration in various optical applications and also as catalysts or sorbents. Therefore, rapid future development of radiation methods for materials synthesis may be expected. 

Imaging is in its infancy, and given the fact that radiofrequency radiation is nonionizing, it is likely that such a technique will be widely used in lieu of X radiation for specific applications in which sensitivity of the body to X-rays is a problem. Also, since NMR is nucleus specific, whereas X-ray scans see only dense versus nondense matter, the diagnostic potential of NMR imaging is quite promising. 

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