Solution nonelectrolyte, colligative

In contrast to nonelectrolyte solutions, in the case of electrolyte solutions the col-ligative properties depart appreciably from the values following from the equations above, even in highly dilute electrolyte solutions that otherwise by all means can be regarded as ideal (anomalous colligative properties). 

Osmotic pressure is a colligative property and is dependent on the number of particles of solute(s) in a solution. The total number of particles of a solute in a solution is the sum of the undissociated molecules and the number of ions into which the molecule dissociates. The number of ions, in turn, depends on the degree of ionization. Thus, a chemical that is highly ionized contributes a greater number of particles to the solution than the same amount of a poorly ionized chemical. When a chemical is a nonelectrolyte such as sucrose or urea, the concentration of the solution depends only on the number of molecules present. The values of the osmotic pressure and other colligative properties are approximately the same for equal concentrations of different nonelectrolyte solutions. 

As we saw in Section 17.5, the activity coefficient of a nonelectrolyte solute can be calculated from the activity coefficient of the solvent, which, in turn, can be obtained from the measurement of colligative properties such as vapor pressure lowering, freezing point depression, or osmotic pressure. We used the Gibbs-Duhem equation in the form [Equation (17.33)]... 

Nonelectrolytes in aqueous solution Many molecular compounds dissolve in solvents but do not ionize. Such solutions do not conduct an electric current, and the solutes are called nonelectrolytes. Sucrose is an example of a nonelectrolyte. A Im sucrose solution contains only one mole of sucrose particles. Figure 15-16 compares the conductivity of a solution containing an electrolyte solute with one containing a nonelectrolyte solute. Which compound would have the greater effect on colligative properties, sodium chloride or sucrose ... 

Why is the discussion of the colligative properties of electrolyte solutions more involved than that of nonelectrolyte solutions ... 

We learn that physical properties such as the vapor pressure, melting point, boiling point, and osmotic pressure of a solution depend only on the concentration and not the identity of the solute present. We first study these colligative properties and their applications for nonelectrolyte solutions. (12.6)... 

The colligative properties of nonelectrolyte solutions provide a means of determining the molar mass of a solute. Theoretically, any of the four colligative properties... 

Colligative Properties of Solutions Nonvolatle Nonelectrolyte Solutions Solute Molar Mass Vdatle Nonelectrolyte Solutions Strong Electrolyte Solutions... 

Colligative Properties of Solutions Nonvolatile Nonelectrolyte Solutions... 

Nonvolatile Nonelectrolyte Solutions 408 Using Colligative Properties to Find Solute Molar Mass 413... 

Osmotic pressure is one of four well-known colligative properties of a nonelectrolyte solution the other three are lowering of vapor pressure, elevation of the boiling point, and depression of the freezing point. They are all expressed in terms of the change in the activity of the solvent a when a solute is present. The... 

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